View source for Heavy metal genres

{{Short description|Subtypes of heavy metal rock music}}
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{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2021}}
{{More citations needed|date = April 2011}}
A number of '''heavy metal genres''' have developed since the emergence of [[heavy metal music|heavy metal]] (often shortened to ''metal'') during the late 1960s and early 1970s. At times, heavy metal genres may overlap or are difficult to distinguish, but they can be identified by a number of traits. They may differ in terms of [[instrumentation]], [[tempo]], song structure, vocal style, lyrics, guitar playing style, drumming style, and so on.

==Alternative metal==
{{Main|Alternative metal}}
[[File:Life of Agony – Elbriot 2014 01.jpg|thumb|160x160px|Alternative metal band [[Life of Agony]]]]
Alternative metal is a style of [[Heavy metal music|heavy metal]] and [[alternative rock]] which emerged in the mid-1980s and gained popularity in the early 1990s.<ref name="aboutdotcom">{{cite web|last=Grierson|first=Tim|url=http://rock.about.com/od/rockmusic101/a/AlternativeMetal.htm|title=Alternative Metal – What Is Alternative Metal – Alt-Metal History|work=[[About.com]]|access-date=7 July 2010}}</ref>

Alternative metal usually combines heavy metal with influences from genres like alternative rock, and in some cases, other genres not normally associated with metal as well. One of the main characteristics of alternative metal and its subgenres are heavily downtuned, mid-paced "chug"-like guitar riffs.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.allmusic.com/album/i-mw0000826905|title=I – Xerath – Songs, Reviews, Credits – AllMusic|website=[[AllMusic]]|access-date=9 January 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.allmusic.com/album/system-of-a-down-mw0000040168|title=System of a Down – System of a Down|publisher=[[AllMusic]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.allmusic.com/album/blood-mw0000815869|title=Blood – O.S.I. – Songs, Reviews, Credits – AllMusic|website=[[AllMusic]]|access-date=7 January 2017}}</ref> Alternative metal bands are also often characterized by melodic vocals, unconventional sounds within other heavy metal genres, unconventional song structures, and sometimes experimental approaches to heavy music.<ref name="allmusic alt metal">{{cite web|url={{AllMusic|class=style|id=alternative-metal-ma0000012328|pure_url=yes}}|title=Alternative Metal|publisher=[[AllMusic]]|access-date=15 July 2012}}</ref> Many of the early alternative metal bands originated from [[Music of Los Angeles|Los Angeles]].<ref name="spinTOOL">{{Cite web|url=http://www.spin.com/2013/03/tool-opiate-reissue-limited-edition-adam-jones|title=Not a Downer: Tool's Adam Jones Talks 'Opiate' Reissue, New Material|last=Grow|first=Kory|date=20 March 2013|website=Spin|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150801011959/http://www.spin.com/2013/03/tool-opiate-reissue-limited-edition-adam-jones|archive-date=1 August 2015}}</ref> Prominent bands in this genre include [[Soundgarden]], [[Alice in Chains]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mumbaimirror.com/mumbai/others/Things-to-do-in-Mumbai-today/articleshow/45530420.cms|title=Things to do in Mumbai today|work=Mumbai Mirror}}</ref> [[Faith No More]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://rollingstoneindia.com/american-alt-metal-band-faith-no-more-return/|title=American Alt Metal Band Faith No More's Return From The Grave|last=Tagat|first=Anurag|date=21 May 2015|website=rollingstoneindia.com|access-date=21 January 2017}}</ref> [[Helmet (band)|Helmet]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mtv.com/news/1489356/helmet-album-preview-musically-mature-but-still-tough-as-nails/|title=Helmet Album Preview: Musically Mature, But Still Tough As Nails|publisher=MTV News}}</ref> [[Life of Agony]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://noisecreep.com/life-of-agony-finish-20th-anniversary-celebration-plan-for-futu/|title=Life of Agony Finish 20th Anniversary Celebration, Plan For Future|last=Wiederhorn|first=Jon|date=29 December 2009|website=Noisecreep|language=en-US|access-date=21 January 2017}}</ref> [[Rollins Band]]<ref name="spinTOOL"/> and [[Tool (band)|Tool]].<ref name="spinTOOL"/><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nme.com/news/tool/68444|title=Tool forced to delay work on new album after freak scooter crashes|date=30 January 2013|newspaper=NME|language=en-US|access-date=21 January 2017}}</ref> More modern bands include [[Breaking Benjamin]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nola.com/music/index.ssf/2014/02/modern_rock_returns_to_new_orl.html|title=Modern rock returns to the New Orleans radio airwaves with newly christened ROCK 96.3|work=NOLA.com|date=18 February 2014 }}</ref> [[Chevelle (band)|Chevelle]],<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.popmatters.com/review/chevelle-vena-sera/|title=Chevelle: Vena Sera|last=Blackie|first=Andrew|date=17 May 2007|newspaper=PopMatters|access-date=21 January 2017}}</ref> [[Godsmack]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.latimes.com/travel/lasvegas/lasvegasnow/la-tr-lvn-las-vegas-shows-godsmack-20150818-story.html|title=Godsmack to end its fall tour with a stop in Las Vegas|work=Los Angeles Times|date=19 August 2015|access-date=28 February 2016}}</ref> and [[System of a Down]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.revolvermag.com/news/choose-system-of-a-downs-set-list-this-summer.html|title=Choose System of a Down's Set List This Summer|date=8 April 2011|newspaper=Revolvermag|access-date=21 January 2017}}</ref>

===Subgenres of alternative metal===
====Funk metal====
{{Main|Funk metal}}
[[File:Living Colour - Sziget Fesztivál, 2006.08.15 (17).jpg|right|thumb|150x150px|[[dUg Pinnick]] of [[King's X]], substituting for Corey Glover of funk metal band [[Living Colour]]]]
Funk metal is essentially a fusion of [[heavy metal music|heavy metal]] and [[funk]]. It started off in the late eighties as a subgenre of [[alternative metal]] and was heavily influenced by bands such as [[Red Hot Chili Peppers]] and [[Fishbone]]. Funk metal bands often use a conventional riffing style influenced by 1980s [[thrash metal]], unlike bands from other alternative metal genres.<ref name="primusbook">{{cite book|last1=Prato|first1=Greg|title=Primus, Over the Electric Grapevine: Insight into Primus and the World of Les Claypool|date=16 September 2014|publisher=Akashic Books|isbn=978-1-61775-322-0}}</ref> During the late-'90s, many bands which started out as funk metal branched out into more commercially viable genres, such as [[alternative rock]] and [[nu metal]]. Notable funk metal bands include [[Living Colour]], [[Infectious Grooves]], [[Mordred (band)|Mordred]], [[Primus (band)|Primus]], and [[Rage Against the Machine]].<ref>{{cite journal |title=Primus: Nice and Cheesy |journal=Hot Metal |location=Sydney, Australia |last=Potter |first=Valerie |date=July 1991 |volume=29}}</ref> The biggest regional scene during funk metal's prime was San Francisco.<ref name="Spin Jan 91">{{cite journal |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=z9fMwxwJ7tkC&pg=PA39 |page=39 |title=The Thrash-Funk scene proudly presents Primus |last1=Darzin |first1=Daina |last2=Spencer |first2=Lauren |journal=[[Spin (magazine)|Spin]] |date=January 1991 |volume=6 |number=10}}</ref> 
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====Nu metal====
{{Main|Nu metal}}
[[File:Kornmaa2006.jpg|thumb|150x150px|Nu metal band [[Korn]]]]
Nu metal is a fusion genre that blends alternative metal and groove metal elements with other styles, including [[grunge]], [[industrial music|industrial]], [[funk]] and [[hip hop music|hip hop]]. The new metal builds on rap metal's rock and rap collaborations, but it highlights some of the more aggressive elements of its musical ancestors. Intense and angry lyrics, off-pitched guitars, and massively amplified beats are typical of new metal songs.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nu metal {{!}} Alternative Rock, Rap Metal & Grunge {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/art/nu-metal |access-date=2023-12-24 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en}}</ref> The style is mostly [[Syncopation|syncopated]] and based on riffs,<ref name="daddy">{{cite journal |last1=Pieslak |first1=Jonathan |year=2008 |title=Sound, text and identity in Korn's 'Hey Daddy' |journal=Popular Music |volume=27 |pages=35–52 |url=http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayFulltext?type=1&fid=1584104&jid=&volumeId=&issueId=01&aid=1584100&bodyId=&membershipNumber=&societyETOCSession= |doi=10.1017/S0261143008001451 |s2cid=194955089 }}</ref> and is influenced by [[groove metal]] rhythm.<ref name="horror">{{cite journal |title=What's the Deal with Soundtrack Albums? Metal Music and the Customized Aesthetics of Contemporary Horror |last=Tompkins |first=Joseph |journal=Cinema Journal |year=2009 |volume=49 |number=1 |pages=65–81 |url=https://google.com/scholar?q=cache:vLzBfv9npncJ:scholar.google.com/&hl=en&as_sdt=2000&as_vis=1 |doi=10.1353/cj.0.0155 }}{{dead link|date=November 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Some nu metal bands use [[seven-string guitar]]s, which are sometimes down-tuned to increase heaviness, resulting in bass guitarists using five and six-string instruments.<ref name="McIver-12"/> [[Turntablism|Turntables]], [[Music sequencer|sequencers]] and [[sampler (musical instrument)|samplers]] are sometimes included.<ref name="McIver-12">{{cite book |last=McIver |first=Joel |title=Nu-metal: The Next Generation of Rock & Punk |year=2002 |publisher=Omnibus Press |isbn=0-7119-9209-6 |pages=12–13 |chapter=How is nü-metal different from old metal? }}</ref> Nu metal vocal styles range between melodic singing, [[rapping]], [[screaming (music)|screaming]] and [[death growl]]ing. The [[Bakersfield, California|Bakersfield]]-based [[Korn]] became the first band to be labeled as "nu metal".<ref name="McIver-10">{{cite book |last=McIver |first=Joel |title=Nü-metal: The Next Generation of Rock & Punk |year=2002 |publisher=Omnibus Press |isbn=0-7119-9209-6 |pages=10; 12 |chapter=How did we get to nü-metal from old metal? }}</ref> [[MTV]] states that Korn "arrived in 1993 into the burgeoning alternative metal scene, which would morph into nü-metal the way [[college rock]] became alternative rock."<ref name="mollylambert">{{cite web |url=http://www.mtv.com/news/2945625/vintage-korn-life-is-peachy-at-20/ |title=Vintage Korn: Life Is Peachy At 20 |publisher=[[MTV]] |last=Lambert |first=Molly |date=20 October 2016}}</ref> [[Coal Chamber]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.blabbermouth.net/news/coal-chambers-dez-fafara-nu-metal-has-never-left/|title=Coal Chamber's Dez Fafara: Nu Metal Has 'Never Left' - Blabbermouth.net|work=BLABBERMOUTH.NET|date=7 July 2015}}</ref> [[Linkin Park]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.musicmight.com/artist/united+states/california/los+angeles/linkin+park |title=Artists :: LINKIN PARK |publisher=MusicMight |date=3 August 2008 |access-date=4 March 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100527005054/http://www.musicmight.com/artist/united+states/california/los+angeles/linkin+park |archive-date=27 May 2010 |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Slipknot (band)|Slipknot]],<ref>{{cite book |last = Udo |first = Tommy |title = Brave Nu World |publisher = Sanctuary Publishing |year = 2002 |pages = [https://archive.org/details/bravenuworld00tomm/page/124 124–138, 237–239] |isbn = 1-86074-415-X |url = https://archive.org/details/bravenuworld00tomm/page/124 }}</ref> [[Papa Roach]],<ref>{{cite book |last = Udo |first = Tommy |title = Brave Nu World |publisher = Sanctuary Publishing |year = 2002 |pages = [https://archive.org/details/bravenuworld00tomm/page/166 166–169, 235] |isbn = 1-86074-415-X |url = https://archive.org/details/bravenuworld00tomm/page/166 }}</ref> [[Kittie]]<ref>{{cite book |last = Udo |first = Tommy |title = Brave Nu World |publisher = Sanctuary Publishing |year = 2002 |pages = [https://archive.org/details/bravenuworld00tomm/page/139 139–149, 242] |isbn = 1-86074-415-X |url = https://archive.org/details/bravenuworld00tomm/page/139 }}</ref> and [[Disturbed (band)|Disturbed]]<ref>{{cite book  | last = McIver  | first = Joel  | title = Black Sabbath: Sabbath Bloody Sabbath  | publisher = Music Sales Group  | year = 2003  | page = 295  | isbn = 085712028X  | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=CinXEagtEW8C&q=disturbed+%22nu+metal%22&pg=PA295  | access-date = 20 May 2012 }}</ref> are prominent bands in this genre.
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====Rap metal====
{{Main|Rap metal}}
[[File:Sonny Sandoval.jpg|left|thumb|150x150px|Sonny Sandoval of rap metal band [[P.O.D.]]]]
Rap metal bands institute the vocal and lyrical form of [[hip hop music|hip hop]]. Examples of rap metal include [[Crazy Town]], [[Clawfinger]], [[Stuck Mojo]], [[Skindred]] and [[Rage Against the Machine]]. The [[thrash metal]] band [[Anthrax (American band)|Anthrax]] also helped pioneer the genre. Rap metal is often mislabeled as [[rapcore]] (a genre which fuses [[hardcore punk]] with [[hip hop]]) or [[nu metal]], a genre which has similar elements in the music, rap metal usually does not include turntables or sampling into its sound, although keyboards are often used. Rap metal bands, unlike nu metal bands, are almost always fronted by rappers. Rap metal also lacks the melodic singing and growling commonly associated with nu metal.
<!--Please do not add any more bands to the above entry. The examples provided are enough. New additions will be deleted.-->{{Citation needed|date=June 2012}}

==Avant-garde metal==
{{Main|Avant-garde metal}}
[[File:Voivod Dan Mongrain 2009.jpg|thumb|227x227px|Dan Mongrain of avant-garde metal band [[Voivod (band)|Voivod]]]]
[[Avant-garde]] metal or avant-metal, also known as experimental metal, is a subgenre of heavy metal music loosely defined by use of experimentation, and characterized by the use of innovative, avant-garde elements, large-scale experimentation, and the use of non-standard and unconventional sounds, instruments, song structures, playing styles, and vocal techniques. It evolved out of [[progressive rock]], [[jazz fusion]], and [[extreme metal]], particularly [[death metal]]. Some local scenes include Los Angeles and the [[San Francisco Bay Area]] in the United States, [[Oslo]] in Norway, and Tokyo in Japan. Pioneers of experimental metal include [[Boris (band)|Boris]], [[Celtic Frost]], [[Earth (American band)|Earth]], [[Helmet (band)|Helmet]], [[Maudlin of the Well]], [[Neurosis (band)|Neurosis]], [[Sunn O)))]], and [[Voivod (band)|Voivod]].
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==Black metal==
{{Main|Black metal}}
[[File:Immortal live @ Hole in the Sky.jpg|thumb|165px|Black metal band [[Immortal (band)|Immortal]]|left]]
Black metal is an [[extreme metal|extreme]] subgenre of heavy metal. Similarly to avant garde metal bands, black metal singers and groups also feature unconventional song structures and lyrical emphasis on atmosphere.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Greatest Black Metal Bands |url=https://www.ranker.com/list/best-black-metal-bands-and-artists/music-lover |access-date=2023-12-24 |website=Ranker |language=en}}</ref> Common traits include [[Beats per minute|fast tempos]], [[Screaming (music)#Black metal|shrieked vocals]], highly distorted guitars played with [[tremolo picking]], [[blast beat]] drumming, [[Lo-fi music|raw]] recording, and unconventional [[song structure]]s.

During the 1980s, several [[thrash metal]] bands formed a prototype for black metal. This so-called "first wave" included bands such as [[Venom (band)|Venom]], [[Bathory (band)|Bathory]], [[Mercyful Fate]], [[Hellhammer]] and [[Celtic Frost]].<ref name=sam>{{cite video |people=Sam Dunn (director) |year=2005 |title=[[Metal: A Headbanger's Journey]] |medium=motion picture |publisher=Seville Pictures}}</ref> A "second wave" arose in the early 1990s, spearheaded by Norwegian bands such as [[Mayhem (band)|Mayhem]], [[Burzum]], [[Darkthrone]], [[Immortal (band)|Immortal]], and [[Emperor (band)|Emperor]]. The music of the [[early Norwegian black metal scene]] became a distinct genre.
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Initially considered a synonym for "Satanic metal", black metal has often been met with hostility from mainstream culture, mainly due to the [[Misanthropy|misanthropic]] and [[Anti-Christian sentiment|anti-Christian]] standpoint of many artists. Moreover, several of the genre's pioneers have been linked with [[Church arson|church burnings]] and murder. Some have also been linked to [[neo-Nazism]]; however, most black metal fans and most prominent black metal musicians reject Nazi ideology and oppose its influence on the black metal subculture.<ref name=kingovhell>{{cite web |url=http://www.maelstrom.nu/ezine/interview_iss50_224.php |title=Interview with Jotunspor |author=Mladen Škot |publisher=Maelstrom |access-date=5 December 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110927131014/http://www.maelstrom.nu/ezine/interview_iss50_224.php |archive-date=27 September 2011 }}</ref><ref name=infernus1>{{cite web |url=http://www.roadrunnerrecords.com/blabbermouth.Net/news.aspx?mode=Article&newsitemID=93004 |title=Gorgoroth guitarist Infernus: "I personally am against racism in both thought and practice" |date=15 March 2008 |publisher=[[Blabbermouth.net]] |access-date=5 December 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090422024415/http://www.roadrunnerrecords.com/blabbermouth.Net/news.aspx?mode=Article&newsitemID=93004 |archive-date=22 April 2009 }}</ref><ref name=billzebub>{{cite video |people=Bill Zebub (director) |year=2007 |title=Black Metal: A Documentary |medium=motion picture |publisher=Bill Zebub Productions}}</ref>

===Derivatives of black metal===
====National Socialist black metal====
{{Main|National Socialist black metal}}
NSBM typically melds [[Neo-Nazi]] beliefs (such as [[fascism]], [[white supremacy]], [[white separatism]], [[antisemitism]], [[xenophobia]], and [[homophobia]]) with hostility to "foreign" religions (Christianity, Judaism, [[Islam]], etc.). Bands often promote ethnic European [[paganism]], [[occultism]], or [[Satanism]]. Hendrik Möbus of Absurd described Nazism as the "most perfect (and only realistic) synthesis of Satanic/[[Luciferianism|Luciferian]] [[will to power]], elitist [[Social Darwinism]], connected to Aryan [[Germanic paganism]]". Members of the band Der Stürmer (named after the [[Der Stürmer|antisemitic newspaper]] edited by Julius Streicher) subscribe to [[esoteric Hitlerism]], leaning on the works of [[Savitri Devi]] and [[Julius Evola]].

====Red and Anarchist black metal====
[[Red and Anarchist black metal]], often shortened to the acronym ''RABM'', is black metal in which the artists espouse various [[Far-left politics|far-left]] and environmentalist ideologies such as [[anarchism]], [[Marxism]], and [[green anarchism]].<ref name=autogenerated1>{{Cite web|url=https://www.popmatters.com/column/161118-if-it-aint-got-no-blastbeat-its-not-my-revolution-panopticon/|title=If It Ain't Got No Blastbeat, It's Not My Revolution: Panopticon|website=PopMatters|date=19 July 2012|access-date=10 May 2016}}</ref> It emerged as an amalgamation of black metal with anarchist [[crust punk]],<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title = 10 Nu-Metal Albums You Need to Own|url = http://www.revolvermag.com/news/10-nu-metal-albums-you-need-to-own.html|website = [[Revolver (magazine)|Revolver]]|access-date = 5 October 2015|date = 9 September 2014|last = Burgess|first = Aaron}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=http://noisey.vice.com/blog/storm-of-sedition-decivilize|title=Canadian Crust Punks Storm of Sedition Go Off the Grid on Their Furious New 'Decivilize' LP {{!}} NOISEY|website=NOISEY|date=April 2016 |access-date=10 May 2016}}</ref> and typically eschews the traditional Satanic and [[Nihilism|nihilist]] lyrics of black metal.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=https://pitchfork.com/reviews/albums/17741-skagos-anarchic/|title=Skagos: Anarchic Album Review {{!}} Pitchfork|website=Pitchfork|access-date=10 May 2016}}</ref> While some artists such as Iskra, [[Panopticon (band)|Panopticon]], Puna Terrori and Skagos overtly endorse political agendas and manifestos, others, such as [[Wolves in the Throne Room]] and some other [[Cascadia (region)|Cascadian]] artists, would not explicitly associate with the red or anarchist label.<ref name=":0" /> Other RABM artists include Storm of Sedition,<ref name=":1" /> Not A Cost,<ref name=":1" /> Black Kronstadt,<ref name=":1" /> Crepehanger,<ref name=":1" /> Leper,<ref name=":1" /> Mutiny,<ref name=":1" /> Fauna,<ref name=":2" /> and Vidargangr.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.lordsofmetal.nl/en/reviews/view/id/32103|title=Review Vidargangr – A World That has To Be Opposed|last=Berto|website=Lords of Metal|access-date=10 May 2016}}</ref>

====Symphonic black metal====
{{Main|Symphonic black metal}}
Symphonic black metal is a style of black metal that incorporates symphonic and orchestral elements. This may include the usage of [[music workstation]] keyboards to conjure up "pseudo-orchestral" landscapes with default presets (e.g. strings, choirs, piano, organs, and pads), or full orchestral arrangements containing woodwind, [[brass]], percussion, keyboards and [[string instrument|strings]]. Bands like [[Carach Angren]] may feature solo instruments such as violins, in addition to virtual or live orchestral arrangements. Vocals can be "clean" or operatic in style, and song structures are more defined or are inspired by symphonies, albeit not adhering to forms found in Western music (e.g. [[sonata]], [[rondo]], theme and variations) and following a typical riff-based approach. Many of the characteristics of traditional black metal are retained, such as shrieked vocals, fast tempos, high treble gain and tremolo picked electric guitars. But the speed is usually slower, the song structure is clearer, the band uses a lot of keyboards, and even the entire orchestra, just like symphonic metal. Examples of symphonic black metal include [[Emperor (band)|Emperor]] and [[Dimmu Borgir]].

====Viking metal====
{{Main|Viking metal}}
[[File:Enslaved @ Roadburn 2015 09.jpg|thumb|220x220px|Viking metal band [[Enslaved (band)|Enslaved]]]]
Viking metal is a subgenre of [[heavy metal music]] with origins in [[black metal]] and [[Nordic folk music]], characterized by a common lyrical and thematic focus on [[Norse mythology]], [[Old Norse religion|Norse paganism]], and the [[Viking Age]]. Its musical style is typically manifested as Nordic folk-influenced black metal. Some common traits include a slow-paced and heavy riffing style, anthemic choruses, use of both clean and harsh vocals, a frequent use of [[folk instrument]]ation, and, often, the use of keyboards for atmospheric effect. Viking metal developed in the 1980s through the mid-1990s as a rejection of [[Satanism]] and the [[occult]], instead [[Viking revival|embracing]] the [[Vikings]] and [[Germanic neopaganism|paganism]] as the leaders of opposition to Christianity. Most Viking metal bands originate from the [[Nordic countries]], and nearly all bands claim that their members descend, directly or indirectly, from Vikings. [[Bathory (band)|Bathory]], from Sweden, is generally credited with pioneering the genre with its albums ''[[Blood Fire Death]]'' (1988) and ''[[Hammerheart]] ''(1990). [[Enslaved (band)|Enslaved]], [[Burzum]], [[Emperor (band)|Emperor]], [[Storm (Norwegian band)|Storm]] and [[Falkenbach]] helped further develop the genre in the early through mid-1990s. The [[death metal]] bands [[Unleashed (band)|Unleashed]] and [[Amon Amarth]], which emerged during the early 1990s, also adopted Viking themes, broadening the genre from its primarily black metal origin. Other key bands in the genre include [[Darkwoods My Betrothed]], [[Einherjer]], [[Ensiferum]], [[Moonsorrow]], [[Thyrfing]], and [[Windir]].
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====War metal====
[[File:2009-10-25blasphemy.JPG|left|thumb|150x150px|War metal band [[Blasphemy (band)|Blasphemy]]]]
War metal,<ref name="mh112011">Robert Müller: ''Wollt Ihr den ewigen Krieg?''. ''Der tote Winkel''. In: ''[[Metal Hammer]]'', November 2011.</ref> also known as war black metal<ref name="wbm">Wolf-Rüdiger Mühlmann: ''War Black Metal: Die Extremsten der Extremen''. ''Was bleibt, ist Schutt und Asche''. In: ''Rock Hard'', no. 279, pp. 71–73.</ref> or bestial black metal,<ref name="rh304">Wolf-Rüdiger Mühlmann: ''SARCOFAGO''. ''I.N.R.I.'' In: ''Rock Hard'', Nr. 304, September 2012, p. 73.</ref> is an [[aggressive]],<ref name="wbm" /> [[Phonaesthetics|cacophonous]]<ref name="mh112011" /> and chaotic<ref name="mh112011" /><ref name="wbm" /> [[black metal]] style, described by ''[[Rock Hard (magazine)|Rock Hard]]'' journalist Wolf-Rüdiger Mühlmann as "rabid"<ref name="wbm" /> and "hammering".<ref name="wbm" /> Important influences include first wave band [[Sodom (band)|Sodom]]<ref name="mh112011" /><ref name="wbm" /> and first wave/death metal band [[Possessed (band)|Possessed]],<ref name="wbm" /> as well as old [[grindcore]], black, and death metal bands like [[Repulsion (band)|Repulsion]],<ref name=mh112011/><ref name=wbm/> [[Autopsy (band)|Autopsy]],<ref name=wbm/> [[Sarcófago]]<ref name=mh112011/><ref name=wbm/><ref name=rh304/><ref name=rh307>Wolf-Rüdiger Mühlmann: ''Impaled Nazarene''. ''Tol Cormpt Norz Norz Norz''. In: ''Rock Hard'', no. 307, December 2012, p. 77.</ref> and the first two [[Sepultura]] releases.<ref name=wbm/><ref name=rh307/> War metal bands include [[Blasphemy (band)|Blasphemy]],<ref name=mh112011/><ref name=wbm/><ref name=rh307/> [[Archgoat]],<ref name=wbm/> [[Impiety (band)|Impiety]],<ref name=wbm/> [[In Battle]],<ref>{{cite book|last=Ekeroth|first=David|title=Swedish Death Metal|year=2008|publisher=[[Bazillion Points]]|isbn=978-0-9796163-1-0|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jRRvfWp95FIC|access-date=13 March 2012|page=359}}</ref> [[Zyklon-B (band)|Zyklon-B]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Christe|first=Ian|title=Sound of the beast: the complete headbanging history of heavy metal|publisher=HarperCollins|isbn=978-0-380-81127-4|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eWRv3E59V0YC|author-link=Ian Christe|access-date=13 March 2012|page=281|date=17 February 2004}}</ref>

==== Blackgaze ====
{{Main|Blackgaze}}
[[File:Deafheaven - George Clarke.jpg|thumb|150x150px|George Clark of blackgaze band [[Deafheaven]]]]
Blackgaze is a genre fusion of black metal and [[shoegaze]] that originated in the early 2000s.<ref>{{Cite web|title = The Translator Blackgaze|url = http://exclaim.ca/Music/article/translator-blackgaze|access-date = 6 October 2015}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title = Blackgaze: meet the bands taking black metal out of the shadows|url = https://www.theguardian.com/music/2015/oct/05/blackgaze-bands-fusing-metal-and-shoegaze|website = The Guardian|access-date = 6 October 2015|first = Tom|last = Howells|date = 5 October 2015}}</ref> The genre often incorporates heavier elements common of black metal, including blast beat drumming and high-pitched screamed vocals with melodic elements, and heavily distorted "[[Wall of Sound]]" guitar styles typically associated with shoegazing. The French shoegazing band [[Alcest]] is often credited with having influenced and formed the genre, while American bands such as [[Deafheaven]] have become synonymous as to defining the genre's characteristics.<ref>{{Cite web|title = Deconstructing: Alcest's Shelter And Metal In A Post-Deafheaven World|date = 3 January 2014|url = https://www.stereogum.com/1617782/deconstructing-alcests-shelter-and-metal-in-a-post-deafheaven-world/franchises/deconstructing/|access-date = 6 October 2015}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title = Deafheaven: Sunbather|website = [[Pitchfork (website)|Pitchfork]]|url = https://pitchfork.com/reviews/albums/18060-deafheaven-sunbather/|access-date = 6 October 2015}}</ref>

====Post-black metal====
Post-black metal is a subgenre of [[black metal]] that emphasizes more experimentation and creative expression than other forms, as well as molding different [[music genre]]s into black metal. Bands such as [[Deafheaven]],<ref name=Heavy>{{cite web|url=http://www.heavyblogisheavy.com/2016/11/10/promises-kept-how-oathbreaker-have-raised-the-bar-for-post-black-metal/|title=Promises Kept: How Oathbreaker Have Raised The Bar for Post-Black Metal|author=Colin Kauffman|date=10 November 2016|access-date=25 November 2017}}</ref> [[Alcest]],<ref name=Heavy/> [[Liturgy (band)|Liturgy]], [[Deathspell Omega]], and [[Altar of Plagues]]<ref name=Heavy/> are notable bands in this genre.

==Christian metal==
{{Main|Christian metal}}
[[File:Skjærgårds M&M 2006 - 1.jpg|thumb|Michael Sweet of Christian metal band [[Stryper]]]]
Christian metal, also known as white metal,<ref>John J. Thompson, ''Raised by Wolves: the Story of Christian Rock & Roll'' (Ottawa, Ontario Canada:, Ontario: ECW Press, 2000), {{ISBN|1-55022-421-2}}, pp. 153–4.</ref> is a form of heavy metal music usually defined by its message using song lyrics as well as the dedication of the band members to [[Christianity]]. Christian metal is typically performed by professed Christians, sometimes principally for Christians who listen to heavy metal music, and often produced and distributed through various Christian networks.<ref name="Turn of Burn">{{cite conference |url=http://www.inter-disciplinary.net/ci/mmp/mmp1/moberg.pdf |title=Turn or Burn? The Peculiar Case of Christian Metal Music |first=Marcus |last=Moberg |date=3 November 2008 |conference=Heavy Fundamentalisms: Music, Metal & Politics |conference-url=http://www.inter-disciplinary.net/critical-issues/ethos/music-metal-politics/project-archives/1st/ |publisher=Inter-Disciplinary.Net |location=Salzburg, Austria |access-date=7 February 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924035437/http://www.inter-disciplinary.net/ci/mmp/mmp1/moberg.pdf |archive-date=24 September 2015 |url-status=dead  }}</ref>

[[List of Christian metal artists|Christian metal artists]] exist in all the subgenres of heavy metal music, and the only common link among most Christian metal artists are the lyrics. The Christian themes are often melded with the subjects of the genre the band is rooted in, regularly providing a Christian take on the subject matter. It has been argued that the marginal yet transnational Christian metal [[subculture]] provides its core members an alternative religious expression and Christian identity, and that the music serves the purpose of offering a positive alternative or counterbalance to '[[Secularity|secular]]' metal music, which is known for its generally dark and negative message.<ref name="Turn of Burn"/>

Christian metal emerged in the late 1970s as a means of [[evangelism]] to the wider heavy metal music scene and was pioneered by American bands [[Resurrection Band]] and [[Petra (band)|Petra]] and Sweden's [[Jerusalem (Swedish band)|Jerusalem]]. Los Angeles's [[Stryper]] achieved wide success in the 1980s. California's [[Tourniquet (band)|Tourniquet]] and Australia's [[Mortification (band)|Mortification]] led the movement in the 1990s. [[Rap metal]] group [[P.O.D.]] and the [[metalcore]] groups [[Underoath]], [[Demon Hunter (band)|Demon Hunter]], [[As I Lay Dying (band)|As I Lay Dying]], and [[Norma Jean (band)|Norma Jean]] (dubbed by [[Revolver Magazine|''Revolver'' magazine]] as "The Holy Alliance") brought some mainstream attention to the movement in the first decade of the 21st century, achieving ranks in the [[Billboard 200|''Billboard'' 200]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Satellite: Awards|url=https://www.allmusic.com/album/satellite-mw0000010193/awards|publisher=[[AllMusic]]|access-date=14 June 2012}}</ref><ref name="Revolver on Christian metal">{{cite web |url= http://www.buzzgrinder.com/2006/revolver-on-christian-metal/ |title= Revolver on Christian metal |access-date= 19 December 2007 |last= Johnson |first= Wesley |work= Buzz Grinder |quote= The cover of the latest Revolver Magazine features members of As I Lay Dying, [[Norma Jean (band)|Norma Jean]], Underoath and Demon Hunter. The photo goes along with an extensive write-up on Christian Metal, which they've dubbed "phenomenon of the year." |url-status= dead |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20071224143205/http://www.buzzgrinder.com/2006/revolver-on-christian-metal/ |archive-date= 24 December 2007 }}</ref> [[Saving Grace (band)|Saving Grace]] is another example of a Christian metalcore band. 

===Derivatives of Christian metal===
====Unblack metal====
{{Main|Unblack metal}}
[[File:Lars Stokstad EoR2011.jpg|left|thumb|225x225px|Lars Stokstad of unblack metal band [[Antestor]]]]
Unblack metal, sometimes called Christian black metal, is a genre of music that is stylistically [[black metal]], but whose artists promote Christianity in their lyrics and imagery.<ref name="Kapelovitz">{{cite journal |last=Kapelovitz |first=Dan |date=February 2001 |title=Heavy Metal Jesus Freaks – Headbanging for Christ |journal=Mean Magazine |url=http://www.kapelovitz.com/christianmetal.htm |access-date=6 September 2007 |quote=And where secular Black Metal thrived, so did its Christian counterpart, Unblack Metal, with names like [[Satanicide]], Neversatan, and Satan's Doom. |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070805040049/http://www.kapelovitz.com/christianmetal.htm |archive-date=5 August 2007 }}</ref> Such artists are controversial, mainly because black metal's pioneers, especially those of the [[Second wave black metal|Second Wave]], intended to encourage [[anti-Christian sentiment|hostility towards Christianity]]. It is also suggested that Christianity contradicts black metal's dark nature, and the [[individualism|individualistic]] and [[misanthropy|misanthropic]] ideals of many bands.<ref name="Beat_the_Blizzard">{{cite web|url=http://www.beattheblizzard.com/?module=interviews&interview=80|title=Kittil Kittilsen, Beat the Blizzard|access-date=21 August 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110905060241/http://www.beattheblizzard.com/?module=interviews&interview=80|archive-date=5 September 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref>

The exact beginning of the Christian black metal movement is disputed. The Australian band [[Horde (band)|Horde]]'s 1994 album ''[[Hellig Usvart]]'' brought the concept and the term ''holy unblack metal'' (a word play on [[Darkthrone]]'s slogan "unholy black metal" used on the albums ''[[A Blaze in the Northern Sky]]'' and ''[[Under a Funeral Moon]]'') to media attention. The Norwegian band [[Antestor]] formed in 1990 as a [[Death-doom|death/doom]] act and released its demo ''[[The Defeat of Satan]]'' in 1991, before they began shifting towards black metal on their 1994 album ''[[Martyrium (album)|Martyrium]]''. Other examples of unblack metal bands include [[Crimson Moonlight]], [[Admonish (band)|Admonish]], and [[Frosthardr]].
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==Crust punk==
{{Main|Crust punk}} 	
Crust punk, often simply called crust, is a form of music influenced by [[anarcho-punk]], [[hardcore punk]] and [[extreme metal]].<ref name="Rise of Crust">{{cite web|last=Von Havoc |first=Felix |title=Rise of Crust |publisher=Profane Existence |date=1 January 1984 |url=http://www.havocrex.com/press/article/3/83 |access-date=16 June 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080615163312/http://www.havocrex.com/press/article/3/83 |archive-date=15 June 2008 }}</ref> The style, which evolved in the mid-1980s in England, often has songs with dark and pessimistic lyrics that linger on political and social ills. The term "crust" was coined by [[Hellbastard]] on their 1986 ''Ripper Crust'' demo.<ref name=Glasper>Glasper 2009, 185</ref>
	
Crust is partly defined by its "bassy" and "[[Distortion (music)|dirty]]" sound. It is often played at a fast [[tempo]] with occasional slow sections. Vocals are usually guttural and may be growled or screamed. Crust punk takes cues from the [[anarcho-punk]] aspect of [[Crass]] and [[Discharge (band)|Discharge]],<ref name="Rise of Crust"/> and the extreme metal of bands like [[Venom (band)|Venom]] and [[Celtic Frost]].<ref name="Rise of Crust"/><ref name=day>Glasper 2006. "Amebix." p. 198-201.</ref> Notable crust punk bands include [[Amebix]], [[Antisect]] and [[Doom (British band)|Doom]].
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===Derivatives of crust punk===
====Blackened crust====
Crust punk groups, such as [[Amebix]], took some influence from [[Black metal#First wave|early black metal]] bands like [[Venom (band)|Venom]], [[Hellhammer]], and [[Celtic Frost]].<ref name="Rise of Crust"/> Similarly, [[Bathory (band)|Bathory]] was initially inspired by crust punk, as well as heavy metal.<ref>Ekeroth, p. 27.</ref> Crust punk was affected by a second wave of black metal in the 1990s, with some bands emphasizing these black metal elements. Iskra are probably the most obvious example of [[Black metal#Second wave|second wave black metal]]-influenced crust punk;<ref name=iskra>[http://iskra.ws/interviews.html Iskra Interviews] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060615141533/http://iskra.ws/interviews.html |date=15 June 2006 }}.</ref> Iskra coined their own phrase "blackened crust" to describe their new style. The Japanese group [[Gallhammer]] also fused crust punk with black metal<ref>"Hard of Hearing", ''Terrorizer'' no. 171, June 2008, p. 56.</ref> while the English band Fukpig has been said to have elements of crust punk, black metal, and grindcore.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://supersonicfestival.com/event/fukpig/|title=Fukpig – Supersonic Festival|website=Supersonicfestival.com|access-date=16 October 2020}}</ref><ref>"C: Do you think that FUKPIG has founded a style of his own? Misery: Nah its just d-beat crust, with added horror C: and then What difference to FUKPIG from the rest of the bands? Misery: We add more black metal / horror influences, but are still inspired by the same things C: Is Necro-Punk your style? Misery: Yeah, necro in the black metal style playing crust punk, so yeah Necro Punk." [http://www.clandestinemetalzine.cl/interviews/interview_fukpig.html Interview: Fukpig] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131110010121/http://www.clandestinemetalzine.cl/interviews/interview_fukpig.html |date=10 November 2013 }}</ref> In addition, Norwegian band [[Darkthrone]] have incorporated crust punk traits in their more recent material. As Daniel Ekeroth wrote in 2008:
{{quote|In a very ironic paradox, black metal and crust punk have recently started to embrace one another. Members of Darkthrone and Satyricon have lately claimed that they love punk, while among crusties, black metal is the latest fashion. In fact, the latest album by crust punk band [[Skitsystem]] sounds very black metal—while the latest black metal opus by Darkthrone sounds very punk! This would have been unimaginable in the early 90s.|<ref name=Ekeroth258>Ekeroth, p. 258.</ref>}}

==Death metal==
{{Main|Death metal}}
[[File:Cannibal Corpse @ 70000 tons of metal 03.jpg|left|thumb|Death metal band [[Cannibal Corpse]]]]
Death metal is an [[extreme metal|extreme]] subgenre of heavy metal music. Death metal is characterized by a hard and subdued sound. Guitars and bass are often converted to heavy metal variants to tone down multiple tones, creating an unparalleled dark and mindless sound. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-05-12 |title=Death Metal: Merkmale, Geschichte & Bands |url=https://www.wrock-tv.com/musik/death-metal/ |access-date=2023-12-24 |website=Wrock! |language=de-DE}}</ref>It typically employs heavily distorted guitars, [[tremolo picking]], deep [[death growl|growling]] vocals, [[blast beat]] drumming, minor [[Key (music)|keys]] or [[atonality]], and complex song structures with multiple tempo changes.

Building from the musical structure of [[thrash metal]] and [[Black metal|early black metal]], death metal emerged during the mid-1980s.<ref name="hbj">{{cite video | people = Dunn, Sam (Director) | date = 5 August 2005 | url = http://imdb.com/title/tt0478209/ | title = Metal: A Headbanger's Journey | medium = motion picture | location = Canada | publisher = Dunn, Sam}}</ref> Metal acts such as [[Slayer]],<ref>Joel McIver ''Extreme Metal'', 2000, Omnibus Press pg.14 {{ISBN|88-7333-005-3}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.mtv.com/bands/m/metal/greatest_metal_bands/071406/index7.jhtml|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060718224746/http://www.mtv.com/bands/m/metal/greatest_metal_bands/071406/index7.jhtml|url-status=dead|title=The greatest metal band for Mtv|website=[[MTV]]|archive-date=18 July 2006|access-date=16 October 2020}}</ref> [[Kreator]],<ref>Joel McIver ''Extreme Metal'', 2000, Omnibus Press pg.100 {{ISBN|88-7333-005-3}}</ref> [[Celtic Frost]],<ref>Joel McIver ''Extreme Metal'', 2000, Omnibus Press pg.55 {{ISBN|88-7333-005-3}}</ref> and [[Venom (band)|Venom]] were very important influences to the crafting of the genre.<ref name = "hbj"/> [[Possessed (band)|Possessed]]<ref>[{{AllMusic|class=artist|id=p5171|pure_url=yes}} Rivadavia, E. ''Possessed: Biography'', AllMusic], (accessed 13 August 2008)</ref> and [[Death (metal band)|Death]],<ref>[{{AllMusic|class=artist|id=p4050|pure_url=yes}} AllMusic (((Death > Biography)))]</ref><ref name="metal-rules">{{Cite web|url=https://www.metal-rules.com/interviews/chuck.htm|title=Interview with Chuck Schuldiner|website=Metal-rules.com|access-date=16 October 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ultimate-guitar.com/news/general_music_news/the_best_of_namm_2008_jimmy_page_satriani_models_among_the_highlights.html|title=The Best Of NAMM 2008: Jimmy Page, Satriani Models Among The Highlights|website=Ultimate-guitar.com|access-date=16 October 2020}}</ref> along with bands such as [[Obituary (band)|Obituary]], [[Carcass (band)|Carcass]], [[Deicide (band)|Deicide]] and [[Morbid Angel]] are often considered pioneers of the genre.<ref>[{{AllMusic|class=artist|id=p4953|pure_url=yes}} Morbid Angel page @ Allmusic] "Formed in 1984 in Florida, Morbid Angel (along with Death) would also help spearhead an eventual death metal movement in their home state"</ref> In the late 1980s and early 1990s, death metal gained more media attention as popular genre niche record labels like [[Combat Records|Combat]], [[Earache Records|Earache]] and [[Roadrunner Records|Roadrunner]] began to sign death metal bands at a rapid rate.<ref>[http://www.emptywords.org/Watt4-93ismetalstillalive.htm Is Metal Still Alive?] WATT Magazine, Written by: Robert Heeg, Published: April 1993</ref> Since then, death metal has diversified, spawning a variety of subgenres.<ref>[http://www.silver-dragon-records.com/death_metal.htm Silver Dragon Records] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081003113513/http://www.silver-dragon-records.com/death_metal.htm |date=3 October 2008 }} "During the 1990s death metal diversified influencing many subgenres"</ref>
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===Derivatives of death metal===
====Blackened death metal====
{{main|Blackened death metal}}
Blackened death metal is a style that combines [[death metal]] and [[black metal]]. Examples of blackened death metal bands are [[Belphegor (band)|Belphegor]], [[Behemoth (band)|Behemoth]], [[Akercocke]], [[Dissection (band)|Dissection]] and [[Sacramentum (band)|Sacramentum]].

====Death 'n' roll====
{{Main|Death 'n' roll}}
[[File:Entombed drummer.jpg|thumb|150x150px|Olle Dahlstedt of Swedish death 'n' roll band [[Entombed (band)|Entombed]]]]
"Death 'n' roll" is a term for [[death metal]] bands that incorporate [[rock and roll]] elements to their overall sound. The term is a blend of ''death'' metal and rock ''<nowiki>'n'</nowiki> roll''. The achieved effect is that of death metal's trademark combination of [[Death growl|growled vocals]] and highly [[Distortion|distorted]] [[Guitar tunings|detuned]] guitar [[riff]]ing with elements reminiscent of 1970s [[hard rock]] and [[Heavy metal music|heavy metal]].<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.stylusmagazine.com/reviews/phazm/antebellum-death-n-roll.htm|title=Stylus magazine review|author=Cosmo Lee |publisher= www.stylusmagazine.com|access-date= 18 July 2008|quote="Death 'n' roll" arose with Entombed's 1993 album Wolverine Blues ... Wolverine Blues was like '70s hard rock tuned down and run through massive distortion and death growls.}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url= {{AllMusic|class=artist|id=p39113/biography|pure_url=yes}}|title= (((Gorefest > Biography)))|author= Huey, Steve|publisher= AllMusic|access-date= 15 February 2008|quote=Erase, was released in 1994 and found the band moving subtly toward more traditional forms of metal, partly through its sure sense of groove. That approach crystallized on 1996's Soul Survivor, which combined death metal with the elegant power and accessibility of '70s British metal.}}</ref> Notable examples include [[Entombed (band)|Entombed]], [[Six Feet Under (band)|Six Feet Under]], [[Gorefest]], [[Helltrain]], and [[Deuteronomium (band)|Deuteronomium]].
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====Melodic death metal====
{{Main|Melodic death metal}}
[[File:Amon Amarth - Tuska 2011 - 02.JPG|left|thumb|150x150px|Swedish melodic death metal band [[Amon Amarth]]]]
Melodic death metal, also referred to as melodeath or MDM, is a [[heavy metal music]] style that combines elements from the [[new wave of British heavy metal]] (NWOBHM) with elements of [[death metal]]. The style was developed during the early and mid-1990s, primarily in England and Scandinavia. The [[Swedish death metal]] scene in particular did much to popularize the style, which soon centered in the "Gothenburg metal" scene in [[Gothenburg]], Sweden. Some prominent melodic death metal bands include [[Amon Amarth]], [[At the Gates]], [[Soilwork]], [[Dark Tranquillity]], [[Arch Enemy]], [[In Flames]], and [[Carcass (band)|Carcass]].Recently, the boundaries of the genre have also become blurred. Melodic death metal is often combined with genres such as avant-garde metal, doomsday metal, flogging metal, or black metal. In the 2000s, the type evolved in many directions.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Melodic death metal - the complete genre guide! {{!}} deathdoom.com |url=https://deathdoom.com/death-metal/melodic-death-metal/ |access-date=2023-12-24 |website=Soliloquium |language=en-GB}}</ref>
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====Technical death metal====
{{Main|Technical death metal}}
[[File:Cynic live 2009-2.jpg|thumb|160x160px|Technical death metal band [[Cynic (band)|Cynic]]]]
Technical death metal, often abbreviated to tech death, is characterized by fast, technically complex guitar and drum work, often including sweeping guitar solos. Vocals often adopt the guttural sound of death metal. Some of the first tech death bands include [[Death (metal band)|Death]], [[Pestilence (band)|Pestilence]], [[Atheist (band)|Atheist]], [[Nocturnus]], [[Cynic (band)|Cynic]], [[Origin (band)|Origin]] and [[Cephalic Carnage]]. The music is often dark in nature.
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====Symphonic death metal====

Bands described as symphonic death metal include [[Ex Deo]], [[Necronomicon (band)|Necronomicon]],<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.metalinjection.net/show-recap/marduk-couldnt-make-it-but-rotting-christ-carach-angren-and-necronomicon-put-on-quite-the-show|title=Marduk Couldn't Make It, But Rotting Christ, Carach Angren and Necronomicon Put On Quite The Show – Metal Injection|date=8 September 2016|newspaper=Metal Injection|language=en-US|access-date=22 January 2017}}</ref> [[Septicflesh]],<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://teamrock.com/feature/2016-09-27/10-of-the-best-metal-bands-from-greece|title=10 of the best metal bands from Greece|date=27 September 2016|newspaper=Metal Hammer|language=en-GB|access-date=22 January 2017}}</ref> [[Children of Bodom]],<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.ocweekly.com/music/children-of-bodom-prepare-for-a-night-of-shredding-at-observatory-7723345|title=Children of Bodom Prepare For a Night of Shredding at Observatory|last=Distefano|first=Alex|date=5 December 2016|newspaper=OC Weekly|access-date=22 January 2017}}</ref> [[Epica (band)|Epica]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://seattlemusicinsider.com/2016/11/03/epica-to-perform-at-studio-7/|title=Epica To Perform at Studio 7 – SMI (Seattle Music Insider)|date=3 November 2016|access-date=22 January 2017}}</ref> and [[Fleshgod Apocalypse]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.metalinjection.net/reviews/album-review-fleshgod-apocalypse-king|title=Album Review: FLESHGOD APOCALYPSEKing – Metal Injection|date=5 February 2016|newspaper=Metal Injection|language=en-US|access-date=22 January 2017}}</ref> [[Haggard (band)|Haggard]]'s 2000 album, ''[[Awaking the Centuries]]'', has been described as death metal-styled symphonic metal.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://teamrock.com/feature/2016-11-02/the-10-essential-symphonic-metal-albums|title=The 10 Essential Symphonic Metal Albums|date=2 November 2016|newspaper=Metal Hammer|language=en-GB|access-date=22 January 2017}}</ref>

==Doom metal==
{{Main|Doom metal}}
[[File:Pentagram HITS09 by-Christian-Misje-2308.jpg|thumb|224x224px|Bobby Liebling of doom metal band [[Pentagram (band)|Pentagram]]]]
Doom metal is an [[extreme metal|extreme]] form of heavy metal music that typically uses slower [[tempo]]s, low-tuned guitars, and a much "thicker" or "heavier" sound than other metal genres. Both the music and the lyrics intend to evoke a sense of despair, dread, and impending doom.<ref name="Allmusic"/> The genre is strongly influenced by the early work of [[Black Sabbath]],<ref name="Allmusic"/> who formed a prototype for doom metal with songs such as "[[Black Sabbath (song)|Black Sabbath]]", "[[Paranoid (album)|Electric Funeral]]" and "[[Into the Void (Black Sabbath song)|Into the Void]]". During the first half of the 1980s,<ref name="Allmusic">{{cite web |url={{AllMusic|class=explore|id=style/d11956|pure_url=yes}} |title=Doom metal |publisher=[[AllMusic]] |access-date=21 July 2008}}</ref> a number of bands from England ([[Pagan Altar]], [[Witchfinder General (band)|Witchfinder General]]), the United States ([[Pentagram (band)|Pentagram]], [[Saint Vitus (band)|Saint Vitus]], [[Trouble (band)|Trouble]]) and Sweden ([[Candlemass (band)|Candlemass]], [[Count Raven]]) defined doom metal as a distinct genre.
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===Derivatives of doom metal===

====Death/doom====
{{Main|Death-doom}}
[[File:My Dying BrideEdit.jpg|left|thumb|227x227px|Death/doom band [[My Dying Bride]]]]
Death/doom, sometimes written as death-doom or deathdoom, is an extreme subgenre of heavy metal. It combines the slow [[tempos]] and pessimistic or depressive mood of doom metal, with the deep [[death growl|growling vocals]] and double kick drumming of [[death metal]].<ref name=terrorizerdoom>Tracey, Ciaran (March 2006). "Doom/Death: United in Grief", ''[[Terrorizer (magazine)|Terrorizer]]'' #142, pp.54–55.</ref> The genre emerged in the mid-1980s, and gained a certain amount of popularity during the 1990s, but had become less common by the turn of the 21st century.<ref name=terrorizerdoom /> In turn, death/doom gave rise to the closely related genre of funeral doom, as well as to the more melodic and romantic [[gothic metal]]. The death/doom genre originated in the mid-1980s when the early progenitors like Dream Death began to mix traditional [[doom metal]] with the sounds of [[thrash metal|thrash]] and the nascent death metal scene.<ref name=terrorizerforgotten>Bardin, Olivier (May 2006). "Forgotten Doom: Raiders of the Lost Art", ''Terrorizer'' #144, p.56</ref> Early records by such bands as [[Paradise Lost (band)|Paradise Lost]], [[My Dying Bride]] and [[Anathema (band)|Anathema]] combined the sounds of mid-1980s [[Celtic Frost]] and [[Candlemass (band)|Candlemass]] with the use of female vocals,<ref name = "Death Metal Music">{{cite book | last = Purcell | first = Nathalie J. | title = Death Metal Music: The Passion and Politics of a Subculture | publisher = McFarland & Company | year = 2003 | page = 23 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=6ZErQs5hCUQC |access-date=1 April 2008 | isbn = 0-7864-1585-1 }}</ref> keyboards and, in the case of My Dying Bride, violins.
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====Drone metal====
{{Main|Drone metal}}
[[File:Sunn O))) & Boris play Altar @ ATP NY 1.jpg|thumb|180x180px|Greg Anderson of drone metal band [[Sunn O)))]]]]
Drone metal, also known as drone doom, began as a derivative of [[doom metal]] and it is largely defined by [[drone (music)|drones]]; notes or chords that are [[sustain]]ed and repeated throughout a piece of music. Typically, the electric guitar is performed with large amounts of [[reverb]] and [[audio feedback|feedback]],<ref name="nyt">{{Cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2006/05/28/magazine/28artmetal.html|title=Heady Metal (Published 2006)|first=John|last=Wray|date=28 May 2006|access-date=16 October 2020|website=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref> while vocals, if present, are usually growled or screamed. Songs are often very long and lack [[beat (music)|beat]] or [[rhythm]] in the traditional sense. Drone doom is generally influenced by [[drone music]],<ref name=nyt/> [[noise music]]<ref name=nyt/> and [[minimalist music]].<ref name=nyt/> The style emerged in the early 1990s and was pioneered by [[Earth (American band)|Earth]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.splendidezine.com/review.html?reviewid=1125311580560974|title=Splendid Magazine reviews Earth: Hex: Or Printing in the Infernal Method|date=27 September 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080927052955/http://www.splendidezine.com/review.html?reviewid=1125311580560974|access-date=16 October 2020|archive-date=27 September 2008}}</ref> [[Boris (band)|Boris]]<ref name=nyt/> and [[Sunn O)))]].<ref name=nyt/>
<!--Please do not add any more bands to the above entry. The examples provided are enough. New additions will be deleted.-->

====Funeral doom====
Funeral doom is a style of doom metal that crosses [[death-doom]] with [[Dirge|funeral dirge music]]. It is played at a very slow tempo and places an emphasis on evoking a sense of emptiness and despair. Typically, electric guitars are heavily distorted, and [[dark ambient]] aspects such as keyboards or synthesizers are often used to create a "dreamlike" atmosphere. Vocals consist of mournful chants or growls and are often in the background. Funeral doom was pioneered by [[Mournful Congregation]] (Australia), [[Esoteric (band)|Esoteric]] (United Kingdom), [[Evoken]] (United States), [[Funeral (band)|Funeral]] (Norway), [[Thergothon]] (Finland), [[Skepticism (band)|Skepticism]] (Finland) and [[Corrupted (band)|Corrupted]] (Japan).

====Sludge metal====
{{Main|Sludge metal}}
[[File:Crowbar 2015-11.jpg|left|thumb|200x200px|Sludge metal band [[Crowbar (American band)|Crowbar]]]]
Sludge metal began in the early–to–mid–1980s when hardcore punk bands like [[Black Flag (band)|Black Flag]] and [[Flipper (band)|Flipper]] began slowing their tempos and incorporating elements of doom metal.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Sword |first1=Harry |title=Monolithic Undertow In Search of Sonic Oblivion |date=4 February 2021 |publisher=Orion |quote=Predating both Black Flag and the Melvins in reversing punk's tendency towards escape velocity tempos, Flipper would extend their set into sludgy jams (venues would often have to pull the plug), distorted, beer-soaked trance-inducing mantras that led to their infamous 'Grateful Dead of punk' tag. Best known in the underground consciousness for their vital influence on Nirvana (Kurt Cobain was often photographed in a Flipper shirt while Nirvana bassist Krist Novoselic briefly joined a reformed Flipper in the late noughties) they were formed by Vietnam vet Ted Falconi, with bassist Will Shatter, singer Ricky Williams and drummer DePace in 1979. Debut LP Album Generic Flipper (1982) primal. The genesis of sludge metal is writ large on the doom- laden eight-minute trudge of '(I Saw You) Shine', which pivots on a slow-creeping bassline over which Ted Falconi's guitar atonally drones while Ricky Williams wails about 'lights going out' and 'flesh stripping from bones'. An atmosphere of mental disarray prevails. 'Way of the World' riffs on eternal doom while 'Life is Cheap' brings a mournful atmosphere, almost gothic in portentous dread, as Williams offers a dirge-like mantra on the futility of existence. Shards of angular noise, off-beat, jazz-inflected rhythms and angst-ridden screams - taken at volume it becomes a power dirge that threatens to overwhelm.}}</ref> This style then spread to [[Washington (state)|Washington]], where the [[Melvins]] would go on to be described by publications such as ''[[Revolver (magazine)|Revolver]]'' as the band that "invented sludge".<ref name="Revolver, 2019">{{Cite web |date=October 31, 2019 |title=How Melvins Invented Sludge: "Ugly Spawn of Punk and Metal" |url=https://www.revolvermag.com/music/how-melvins-invented-sludge-ugly-spawn-punk-and-metal |access-date=July 2, 2023 |website=Revolver |language=en}}</ref> By the 1990s, [[Louisiana]] developed one of the largest and influential sludge metal scenes, with bands like [[Acid Bath]], [[Crowbar (American band)|Crowbar]], [[Down (band)|Down]] and [[Eyehategod]].<ref>{{cite web |last1=Hobson |first1=Rich |title=A beginner's guide to sludge metal in five essential albums |url=https://www.loudersound.com/features/beginners-guide-to-sludge-metal |website=[[Metal Hammer]] |date=22 July 2023 |access-date=22 September 2023}}</ref> Many sludge bands compose slow and heavy songs that contain brief hardcore passages.<ref name="AMG-Eyehategod">{{cite web|url={{AllMusic|class=artist|id=p38682/biography|pure_url=yes}}|
title=Eyehategod |
author=Huey, Steve |
publisher=[[AllMusic]]|
access-date=21 July 2008}}</ref><ref name="AMG-Crowbar">{{cite web|url={{AllMusic|class=artist|id=p12635|pure_url=yes}}|
title=Crowbar |
author=Huey, Steve |
publisher=[[AllMusic]]|
access-date=21 July 2008}}</ref> However, some bands emphasize fast tempos throughout their music.<ref name="AMG-Buzzoven">{{cite web|url={{AllMusic|class=artist|id=p37696|pure_url=yes}}|
title=Buzzoven |
author=York, William |
publisher=[[AllMusic]]|
access-date=21 July 2008}}</ref> The string instruments are heavily [[distortion (guitar)|distorted]] and are often played with large amounts of [[audio feedback|feedback]] to produce an abrasive, sludgy sound. Drumming is often performed in typical doom metal fashion, but drummers may employ hardcore [[d-beat]] or double-kick drumming during faster passages. Vocals are usually shouted or screamed, and lyrics are generally pessimistic in nature. Suffering, drug abuse, politics, and anger towards society are common lyrical themes.<ref name="allmusic-doommetal">{{cite web|url={{AllMusic|class=explore|id=style/d11956|pure_url=yes}}|
title=Doom metal |
publisher=[[AllMusic]]|
access-date=21 July 2008}}</ref>

====Stoner metal====
{{Main|Stoner rock}}
Stoner rock or stoner metal is typically slow-to-mid tempo, low-tuned, and bass-heavy.<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.rockdetector.com/officialbio,5049.sm |title = Rockdetector – Kyuss biography |access-date = 10 December 2007 |last = Sharpe-Young |first = Garry |work= Rockdetector |quote = [Kyuss] almost single handed invented the phrase 'Stoner Rock'. They achieved this by tuning way down and summoning up a subterranean, organic sound... |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20071225102726/http://www.rockdetector.com/officialbio,5049.sm <!-- Bot retrieved archive --> |archive-date = 25 December 2007}}</ref> It combines elements of [[psychedelic rock]], [[blues rock]] and [[doom metal]], often with melodic vocals and 'retro' production.<ref name="allmusic stoner metal">{{cite web |url = {{AllMusic|class=explore|id=style/d11953|pure_url=yes}} |title = Stoner Metal |access-date = 10 December 2007 |publisher= AllMusic |quote = Stoner metal could be campy and self-aware, messily evocative, or unabashedly retro. }}</ref> The genre emerged during the early 1990s, and was pioneered foremost by the Californian bands [[Kyuss]]<ref>{{cite web |url ={{AllMusic|class=artist|id=p39911|pure_url=yes}} |title = Kyuss biography |access-date = 10 December 2007 |author = Eduardo Rivadavia |publisher= AllMusic |quote = ...they are widely acknowledged as pioneers of the booming stoner rock scene of the 1990s...}}</ref> and [[Sleep (band)|Sleep]].<ref name="allmusic sleep">{{cite web |url = {{AllMusic|class=artist|id=p5456|pure_url=yes}} |title = Sleep biography |access-date = 21 July 2008 |author = Eduardo Rivadavia |publisher= AllMusic}}</ref> Other prominent stoner metal bands include [[Acid King]] and [[Electric Wizard]].
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==Extreme metal==
{{Main|Extreme metal}}
Extreme metal consists of a number of related [[heavy metal music]] subgenres that have developed since the early 1980s, usually characterized by a more abrasive, harsher, underground, non-commercialized style or sound nearly always associated with genres like [[black metal]], [[death metal]], [[doom metal]], [[thrash metal]], and sometimes [[speed metal]].<ref name="Extreme">K. Kahn-Harris, ''Extreme Metal: Music and Culture on the Edge'' (Berg Publishers, 2007), {{ISBN|1-84520-399-2}}, p. 31.</ref> Extreme Metal music is largely characterised by its sonic extremity. This can be seen in the genre’s utilisation of extreme forms of tempo (both slow and fast), unconventional song structures, sound-scapes of amplified distortion and vocal manipulations, and lyrical themes that include death, violence and the occult.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2010-10-13 |title=Extreme Metal Subculture and the Feeling of Community - Atmostfear Entertainment |url=https://www.atmostfear-entertainment.com/opinions/listenings/extreme-metal-subculture-feeling-community/ |access-date=2023-12-26 |language=en-US}}</ref>

Folk metal is one of the youngest genres of metal. Folk metal may have originated in 1991 with the British band Skyclad featuring their debut album, The Wayward Sons of Mother Earth.<ref>{{Cite web |last=H |first=Sarah |date=2017-06-07 |title=Folk Metal in allen Facetten |url=https://silence-magazin.de/folk-metal-in-allen-facetten/ |access-date=2023-12-26 |website=Silence Musik Magazin |language=de-DE}}</ref>

Extreme metal is by definition a [[counterculture]]. Though many extreme sub-styles are not very well known to mainstream music fans, extreme metal has influenced an array of musical performers inside and outside of heavy metal.

Examples of extreme metal bands include [[Meshuggah]], [[Cradle of Filth]], [[Celtic Frost]], [[Strapping Young Lad]], [[Dissection (band)|Dissection]], and the first two albums of [[Venom (band)|Venom]].

==Folk metal==
{{Main|Folk metal}}
[[File:20140830 Wuppertal Feuertal 0427 Korpiklaani.jpg|left|thumb|Folk and Viking metal band [[Korpiklaani]]]]
Folk metal is a subgenre of heavy metal that developed in Europe during the 1990s. As the name suggests, the genre is a fusion of heavy metal with traditional [[folk music]]. This includes the widespread use of [[folk instrument]]s and, to a lesser extent, traditional singing styles (for example, Dutch band [[Heidevolk]], Danish band Sylvatica and Spanish band Stone of Erech).

The earliest example of folk metal was the English band Golgotha, whose 1984 EP ''Dangerous Games'' contained a mixture of [[new wave of British heavy metal]] and folk styles. The genre was not further developed, however, until the emergence of another English band, [[Skyclad (band)|Skyclad]]. Their debut album ''[[The Wayward Sons of Mother Earth]]'' was released in 1990. It was not until 1994 and 1995 that other early contributors in the genre began to emerge from different regions of Europe as well as in Israel. Among these early groups, the Irish band [[Cruachan (band)|Cruachan]] and the German band [[Subway to Sally]] each spearheaded a different regional variation that over time became known as [[Celtic metal]] and [[medieval metal]] respectively. Despite their contributions, folk metal remained little known with few representatives during the 1990s. It was not until the early 2000s when the genre exploded into prominence, particularly in Finland, with the efforts of such groups as [[Finntroll]], [[Ensiferum]], [[Korpiklaani]], [[Turisas]], and [[Moonsorrow]].<!--Please do not add any more bands to the above entry. These examples are enough. New additions will be deleted.-->

The music of folk metal is characterized by its diversity, with bands known to perform different styles of both heavy metal music and folk music. A large variety of folk instruments are used in the genre with many bands consequently featuring six or more members in their regular line-ups. A few bands are also known to rely on keyboards to simulate the sound of folk instruments. Lyrics in the genre commonly deal with [[mythology]], history, and [[nature]].

===Derivatives of folk metal===

====Celtic metal====
{{Main|Celtic metal}}
[[File:Primordial at Lutakko 23 February 2007.jpeg|thumb|200x200px|Celtic and pagan metal band [[Primordial (band)|Primordial]]]]
Celtic metal is a subgenre of folk metal that developed in the 1990s in Ireland. As the name suggests, the genre is a fusion of [[heavy metal music]] and [[Celtic music]]. The early pioneers of the genre were the three Irish bands [[Cruachan (band)|Cruachan]], [[Primordial (band)|Primordial]] and [[Waylander (band)|Waylander]]. The genre has since expanded beyond Irish shores and is known to be performed today by bands from numerous other countries.
<!--Please do not add any more bands to the above entry. These examples are enough. New additions will be deleted.-->

====Pirate metal====
{{Main|Pirate metal}}
Pirate metal is a subgenre of folk metal that blends [[heavy metal music|heavy metal]], [[thrash metal]], and sometimes [[speed metal]] with [[Golden Age of Piracy|pirate mythology]], and, commonly, elements of [[Sea shanty|sea shanties]]. The style was influenced heavily by German heavy metal band [[Running Wild (band)|Running Wild]] and its third studio album, ''Under Jolly Roger''. Popular Pirate metal bands include [[Alestorm]] and [[Swashbuckle (band)|Swashbuckle]].

====Pagan metal====
{{Main|Pagan metal}}
[[File:Moonsorrow MTR 20110617 15.jpg|left|thumb|200x200px|Folk, pagan, and Viking metal band [[Moonsorrow]]]]
Pagan metal is [[heavy metal music]] which fuses [[extreme metal]] with "the pre-Christian traditions of a specific culture or region through thematic concept, rustic melodies, unusual instruments or archaic languages",<ref name="Wiederhorn62">[[#CITEREFWiederhorn2009|Wiederhorn 2009]], p. 62.</ref><ref name="Montreal">{{cite journal |author=Cummins, Johnson |title=Myth Demeanour: Finland's Korpiklaani lead the pagan metal pack |journal=[[Montreal Mirror]] |url=http://www.montrealmirror.com/2009/042309/music4.html |volume=24 |issue=44 |date=April 2009 |access-date=11 May 2009}}</ref> usually referring to [[folk metal]] or [[black metal]]. The Norwegian band [[In the Woods...]] was one of the first bands commonly viewed as pagan metal.<ref name="paganfire">{{Cite news|last=Wachter|first=Christian|year=2008|title=Progressive Heiden|periodical=Pagan Fire|issue=2|page=51|quote=Eine der ersten Gruppen, die übereinstimmend als Pagan Metal-Band bezeichnet wurde, waren bekanntlich In The Woods...}}</ref><ref name="mh30">{{Cite news|last=Halupczok|first=Marc|title=Waldschrate & Met-Trinker|periodical=[[Metal Hammer]]|date=March 2010|page=30|quote=1992 gegründet, wurden In The Woods... als eine der ersten Bands überhaupt als reine Pagan-Band bezeichnet oder dem Black Metal zugerechnet.}}</ref> [[Metal Hammer]] author Marc Halupczok wrote that [[Primordial (band)|Primordial]]'s song "To Enter Pagan" from the band's demo "[[Dark Romanticism (Primordial album)|Dark Romanticism]]" contributed to defining the genre.<ref name="mh31">{{Cite news|last=Halupczok|first=Marc|title=Waldschrate & Met-Trinker|periodical=[[Metal Hammer]]|date=March 2010|page=31|quote=Mit 'To Enter Pagan' vom Demo DARK ROMANTICISM definierten sie ein ganzes Genre mit.}}</ref> Pagan metal bands are often associated with [[Viking metal]] and folk metal. Bands such as [[Moonsorrow]] and [[Kampfar]] have been identified as fitting within all three of those genres.<ref name="Viides">{{cite web |author=Bowar, Chad |title=Moonsorrow – Viides Luku: Hävitetty |publisher=[[About.com]] |url=http://heavymetal.about.com/od/cdreviews/fr/moonsorrowvilde.htm |access-date=11 May 2009}}</ref><ref name="Kvass">{{cite web |author=Bowar, Chad |title=Kampfar – Kvass Review |publisher=[[About.com]] |url=http://heavymetal.about.com/od/cdreviews/gr/kampfar.htm |access-date=11 May 2009}}</ref>
<!--Please do not add any more bands to the above entry. These examples are enough. New additions will be deleted.-->

==Glam metal==
{{Main|Glam metal}}
[[File:Poison.JPG|thumb|165px|Glam metal band [[Poison (American band)|Poison]]]]
Glam metal (also known as hair metal or pop metal) is the visual style of certain [[heavy metal music|heavy metal]] bands that arose in the late 1970s and early 1980s in the United States, particularly on the Los Angeles [[Sunset Strip]] music scene. It was popular throughout the 1980s and briefly in the early 1990s, combining the flamboyant look of [[glam rock]] and playing a commercial hard rock/heavy metal musical style. The term ''Hair bands'' was popularized by [[MTV]] in the 1990s and derives from the tendency among glam metal acts to style their long hair in a [[backcombing|teased-up]] fashion. Many of the bands donned make-up to achieve an [[androgynous]] look, similar to that of some 1970s glam rock acts. [[Mötley Crüe]], [[Stryper]], [[Bon Jovi]], [[Poison (American band)|Poison]] and [[Ratt]] are examples of bands who adopted the glam metal look in their stage attire and their music video imagery. Newer bands include [[Black Veil Brides]] and [[Steel Panther]].
<!--Please do not add any more bands to the above entry. The examples provided are enough. New additions will be deleted.-->

==Gothic metal==
{{Main|Gothic metal}}
[[File:Metalmania 2007 - Paradise Lost - Nick Holmes 02.jpg|left|thumb|211x211px|Nick Holmes of Gothic metal band [[Paradise Lost (band)|Paradise Lost]]]]
Gothic metal is characterized as a combination of the dark atmospheres of [[gothic rock]] and [[dark wave]] with the heaviness of [[doom metal]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Heavy Metal Artists and Heavy Metal Styles |url=http://radio.darkness.com/gothic-metal/ |publisher=[heavymetal.about.com] |access-date=1 December 2012}}</ref> The genre originated during the mid-1990s in Europe as an outgrowth of [[death-doom]], a fusion genre of doom metal and [[death metal]]. Pioneers of Gothic metal include Paradise Lost, My Dying Bride and Anathema, all from the North of England. Other pioneers from the first half of the 1990s include Type O Negative from the United States, Tiamat from Sweden and The Gathering from the Netherlands.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Gothic Metal : Lista de Bandas |url=https://www.spirit-of-metal.com/pt/style/Gothic_Metal |access-date=2023-12-26 |website=www.spirit-of-metal.com}}</ref>Examples of gothic metal bands include [[Paradise Lost (band)|Paradise Lost]], [[My Dying Bride]], [[Anathema (band)|Anathema]], [[Tiamat (band)|Tiamat]], [[Type O Negative]], [[Moonspell]], [[Theatre of Tragedy]], [[Lacrimosa (band)|Lacrimosa]] and [[Lacuna Coil]].
<!--Please do not add any more bands to the above entry. The examples provided are enough. New additions will be deleted.-->

==Grindcore==
{{Main|Grindcore}}
[[File:Napalm Death @ Hammerfest 2010 210.jpg|thumb|upright|Mitch Harris of grindcore band [[Napalm Death]]]]
Grindcore is a fusion of [[crust punk]], [[hardcore punk]], and [[thrash metal]] or [[death metal]]. It is characterized by growling vocals, blast beats, and incredibly short songs with lyrics that are often focused on gore and violence, though sometimes the lyrics can be political. Grindcore, in contrast to death metal, is often very chaotic, and lacks the standard use of time signatures. The style was pioneered by the British band [[Napalm Death]] in the eighties. Other notable grindcore bands include [[Brutal Truth]], [[Agoraphobic Nosebleed]], and [[Pig Destroyer]].	
<!--Please do not add any more bands to the above entry. The examples provided are enough. New additions will be deleted.-->

===Derivatives of grindcore===

====Deathgrind====
{{Main|Deathgrind}}
Deathgrind, sometimes written as death-grind or death/grind, is a musical genre that fuses [[death metal]] and [[grindcore]]. Deathgrind has been described as "grindcore and brutal death metal colliding head on."<ref name=zerotolerance>"Grind Prix" (2005). ''[[Zero Tolerance Magazine|Zero Tolerance]]'' No. 004, p. 46.</ref> [[Danny Lilker]] described deathgrind as "combining the technicality of death metal with the intensity of grindcore."<ref name=grindyourmind>[[Danny Lilker|Lilker, Danny]], ''Grind Your Mind: A History of Grindcore'' liner notes. Mayan Records, MYNDD056, 2007.</ref> Death/grind emphasizes overall musical brutality with a specific focus on fast tempos and retains grindcore's traditional abruptness.<ref name=terrorizer>Schwarz, Paul, "Death Metal|Death/Grind" (2006). ''[[Terrorizer (magazine)|Terrorizer]]'' No. 150, p. 54.</ref> Notable bands include [[Cattle Decapitation]] and [[Misery Index (band)|Misery Index]].

====Goregrind====
{{Main|Goregrind}}
[[File:Carcass 31.jpg|left|thumb|Goregrind band [[Carcass (band)|Carcass]]]]
Goregrind is a subgenre of [[grindcore]] and [[death metal]].<ref name="passion book">{{cite book
| last = Purcell
| first = Natalie J.
| title = Death Metal Music: The Passion and Politics of a Subculture
| publisher = McFarland	
| year = 2003	
| pages = 23–24
| isbn = 0-7864-1585-1
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=6ZErQs5hCUQC&pg=PA24
| access-date = 28 November 2007 }}</ref> Early examples of the genre include [[Repulsion (band)|Repulsion]]'s ''[[Horrified]]'', [[Impetigo (band)|Impetigo]]'s ''[[Ultimo Mondo Cannibale (album)|Ultimo Mondo Cannibale]]'',<ref name="Terrorizer">Badin, Olivier (2009). "Goregrind". ''Terrorizer'', 181, p.41.</ref> and the first two studio albums of [[Carcass (band)|Carcass]], which defined the genre.<ref name="carcassclones">{{cite book 	
| last = Widener
| first = Matthew	
| title = Carcass Clones	
| work = Decibel Magazine
| url = http://www.decibelmagazine.com/features/dec2005/carcass_clones.aspx	
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080116115258/http://www.decibelmagazine.com/features/dec2005/carcass_clones.aspx	
| archive-date = 16 January 2008
| access-date = 27 February 2009 }}</ref> In its ''[[Reek of Putrefaction]]''-era, Carcass used [[pitch shift]]ers, medical imagery, and, in a deviation from the frequently political or left-wing lyrics commonly used in the [[hardcore punk]] and grindcore scenes, gory, anatomical references in its lyrics.

====Pornogrind====
{{Main|Pornogrind}}
[[Pornogrind]], also known as porno grind, porno-grind or porn grind, is a musical subgenre of [[grindcore]] and [[death metal]], which lyrically deals with sexual themes. Natalie Purcell's book ''Death Metal Music: The Passion and Politics of a Subculture'', suggests that pornogrind is defined solely on the basis of its lyrical content and unique imagery, its focus on pornographic content. Purcell notes that bands like [[GUT (band)|Gut]] include "simpler, slower, and more rock-like songs". The artwork for pornogrind bands' albums is noted for its extreme and potentially offensive nature, which "would keep them out of most stores".{{citation needed|date=June 2015}} an example of the genre is [[Cock and Ball Torture (band)|Cock and Ball Torture]].

====Electrogrind====
The 21st century also saw the development of "electrogrind" (or "cybergrind"),<ref name=egrind>Kevin Stewart-Panko, "Shock Tactics", "Grindcore Special", part 2, p. 52-53</ref><ref name=egrind2>{{Cite web|url=http://grindandpunishment.blogspot.com/2010/03/body-electric-grindcore-gets-down-with.html|title=Grind and Punishment: The Body Electric: Grindcore Gets Down With the Sound of White Noise|first=Andrew|last=Childers|website=Grindandpunishment.blogspot.com|date=15 March 2010|access-date=16 October 2020}}</ref> practiced by [[The Berzerker]], [[Body Hammer]], [[Gigantic Brain]] and [[Genghis Tron]] which borrows from [[electronic music]].<ref name=lilker>Lilker</ref> These groups built on the work of Agoraphobic Nosebleed, [[Enemy Soil (band)|Enemy Soil]] and The Locust, as well as industrial metal.<ref name=egrind/> The Berzerker also appropriated the distorted [[Roland TR-909]] [[bass drum|kick drums]] of [[gabber]] producers.<ref>Liz Ciavarella, "The Berzerker: Sonic Discontent," ''Metal Maniacs'', vol. 26, no. 2, February 2009, p. 80-81.</ref> Many later electrogrind groups were caricatured for their hipster connections.<ref name=egrind/>

==Grunge==
{{Main|Grunge}}
Grunge is a fusion genre of [[punk rock]] and [[heavy metal music|heavy metal]], with elements of [[alternative rock]], [[garage rock]], [[noise rock]], [[hardcore punk]], [[hard rock]], [[sludge metal]] and [[thrash metal]].<ref name="DiBlasi, Alex 2013. p. 520">DiBlasi, Alex. "Grunge" in ''Music in American Life: An Encyclopedia of the Songs, Styles, Stars and Stories that Shaped Our Culture'', p. 520-524. Edited by Jacqueline Edmondson. ABC-CLIO, 2013. p. 520</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://daily.bandcamp.com/2017/10/05/sludge-metal-list/
|title= Sludge Metal: Doom's Filthier Sibling|date= 5 October 2017|access-date=27 May 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://getthrashed.com
|title=Get Thrashed: The Story of Thrash Metal|access-date=9 November 2018|quote=from its early years, through its influence on grunge, nu metal and today's heavy metal scene.}}</ref> Grunge typically is characterized by its [[Distortion (music)|distorted]] riffs and angst filled lyric themes such as [[apathy]], [[social alienation]], and [[Liberty|freedom]]. Grunge grew out of the [[Pacific Northwest]] U.S. state of [[Washington (state)|Washington]], particularly in [[Seattle]] and nearby towns. Prominent bands of this genre include [[Nirvana (band)|Nirvana]], [[Pearl Jam]], [[Soundgarden]], and [[Alice in Chains]].<ref name="allmusic grunge">{{cite web |url=https://www.allmusic.com/style/grunge-ma0000002626 |title=Grunge |access-date=24 August 2012 |publisher=[[AllMusic]]}}</ref>

==Industrial metal==
{{Main|Industrial metal}}
[[File:Rammstein at Wacken Open Air 2013 06.jpg|thumb|Industrial metal band [[Rammstein]]]]
Industrial metal combines elements of [[industrial music]] and [[Heavy metal music|heavy metal]]. It is usually centered around repetitive metal guitar riffs, [[sampling (music)|sampling]], synthesizer or [[music sequencer|sequencer]] lines, and distorted vocals.<ref>{{cite web|url= {{AllMusic|class=explore|id=style/d2919|pure_url=yes}}|title= Industrial Metal|access-date= 11 February 2008}}</ref> Prominent industrial metal groups include [[Rammstein]], [[Ministry (band)|Ministry]], [[Nine Inch Nails]], [[KMFDM]], [[Fear Factory]], [[Marilyn Manson]], [[Rob Zombie]]<ref name= diperna2>Di Perna 1995a, page 69.</ref> and [[Godflesh]].<ref name= godflesh88>{{cite web|url= {{AllMusic|class=album|id=r8330|pure_url=yes}}|title= (((Godflesh > Overview)))|author= Walters, Martin|access-date= 3 July 2008}}</ref>
<!--Please do not add any more bands to the above entry. The examples provided are enough. New additions will be deleted.-->

===Industrial death metal===

Some musicians emerging from the [[death metal]] scene, such as [[Fear Factory]], [[Nailbomb]], [[Autokrator (metal band)|Autokrator]] and [[Meathook Seed]], also began to experiment with industrial. Fear Factory, from Los Angeles,<ref name="AM FF">{{Cite web |url=https://www.allmusic.com/artist/fear-factory-mn0000167320/biography |title=Fear Factory — Biography |last=Huey |first=Steve |publisher=AllMusic |access-date=15 September 2017  |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160107051807/http://www.allmusic.com/artist/fear-factory-mn0000167320/biography |archive-date=7 January 2016 }}</ref> were initially influenced by the [[Earache Records|Earache]] roster (namely [[Godflesh]], [[Napalm Death]] and [[Bolt Thrower]]).<ref>{{cite AV media|people= Cordero, Amber (director)|date=18 December 2001|title= Fear Factory: Digital Connectivity|medium = motion picture|location = United States of America|publisher= Roadrunner Records}}</ref> The German band [[Oomph!]], after their second album [[Sperm (album)|''Sperm'']], started to play industrial metal combined with elements of [[death metal]] and [[groove metal]], until the album ''[[Plastik]]''. [[Sepultura]] singer [[Max Cavalera]]'s [[Nailbomb]], a collaboration with Alex Newport, also practiced a combination of extreme metal and industrial production techniques.<ref>{{cite web|author=Jeff Maki|work=Live-Metal.net|year=2007|url=http://www.live-metal.net/revisited_nailbomb.html |title=Revisited – Nailbomb – Point Blank|access-date=13 September 2017|url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081225084617/http://www.live-metal.net/revisited_nailbomb.html |archive-date=25 December 2008 }}</ref> A lesser-known example of industrial death metal is [[Meathook Seed]], made up of members of Napalm Death and the Florida death metal group [[Obituary (band)|Obituary]]. An industrial music fan, Obituary guitarist Trevor Peres suggested [[drum machines]] for ''[[The End Complete]]'',<ref>{{cite magazine |last=Arnopp |first=Jason |year=1993 |title=Industrial Metal: A User's Guide |magazine=Kerrang! |pages=44 |ref={{SfnRef|Arnopp B|1993}} |number=462}}</ref> Obituary's most successful album.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.roadrunnerrecords.com/blabbermouth.net/news.aspx?mode=Article&newsitemID=16769|title=It's Official: CANNIBAL CORPSE Are The Top-Selling Death Metal Band Of The SoundScan Era|date=17 November 2003|publisher=Blabbermouth.net|access-date=13 September 2017|url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080602230201/http://www.roadrunnerrecords.com/blabbermouth.net/news.aspx?mode=Article&newsitemID=16769|archive-date=2 June 2008}}</ref> The other band members' refusal led him to form Meathook Seed.{{sfn|Arnopp B|1993|p=44}}

===Industrial black metal===
In the early years of the 21st century, groups from the [[black metal]] scene began to incorporate elements of industrial music. [[Mysticum]], formed in 1991,<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.fmp666.com/moonlight/mysticum2.html|title=Mysticum Interview|date=24 September 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924014037/http://www.fmp666.com/moonlight/mysticum2.html|access-date=16 October 2020|archive-date=24 September 2015}}</ref> was the first of these groups.<ref name=lom>{{Cite web |url=http://www.lordsofmetal.nl/showinterview.php?id=2438&lang=en |title=Treachery &#124; Interview &#124; Lords of Metal metal E-zine - Issue 87: December 2008 |access-date=20 July 2018 |archive-date=9 October 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121009095959/http://www.lordsofmetal.nl/showinterview.php?id=2438&lang=en |url-status=dead }}</ref> The most famous scene was Samel, who went from pure black metal to a sound that breathed industrial air into their album Passage. Industrial Black Metal combines the original black metal vocals with black metal and industrial percussion elements.<ref>{{Cite web |title=INDUSTRIAL METAL, a metal music subgenre |url=https://www.metalmusicarchives.com/subgenre/industrial-metal |access-date=2023-12-26 |website=MetalMusicArchives.com |language=en}}</ref> [[Dødheimsgard|DHG]] (Dødheimsgard), [[Thorns (band)|Thorns]] from Norway, and [[Blut Aus Nord]], N.K.V.D. and [[Blacklodge]] from France, have been acclaimed for their incorporation of industrial elements.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.decibelmagazine.com/upfront/dec2006/blutausnord.aspx|title=Decibel Magazine|date=5 February 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070205141318/http://www.decibelmagazine.com/upfront/dec2006/blutausnord.aspx|access-date=16 October 2020|archive-date=5 February 2007}}</ref>

==Kawaii metal==
{{Main|Kawaii metal}}
[[File:Babymetal-2014-01.jpg|thumb|Kawaii metal band [[Babymetal]]]]
At its core, [[Kawaii metal]] (also known as idol metal<ref name="Cracked - Idol Metal">{{Cite web|url=https://www.cracked.com/blog/the-creepy-way-japan-turned-thrash-metal-into-pop-music/|title=7 Strange Aspects Of Japan's Pop Idol Metal Music Scene|date=27 May 2016|website=Cracked.com|access-date=16 October 2020}}</ref> or cute metal<ref name="Huffington Post - BABYMETAL">{{Cite web|url=https://www.huffpost.com/entry/babymetal-japans-cute-heavy-metal-band_n_4902130|title=Meet The World's Most Adorable Heavy Metal Band|date=5 March 2014|website=HuffPost.com|access-date=16 October 2020}}</ref>) fuses aspects of [[heavy metal music|heavy metal]] and [[J-pop]],<ref name="Team Rock - Kawaii Metal">{{Cite web|url=https://www.loudersound.com/features/like-babymetal-here-s-4-more-kawaii-metal-bands-to-blow-your-mind-1|title=Like Babymetal? Here's 4 More 'Kawaii' Metal Bands To Blow Your Mind|first=Paul Brannigan 26|last=April 2014|website=Loudersound.com|date=26 April 2014|access-date=16 October 2020}}</ref><ref name="Barks - Babymetal">{{Cite web |url=http://www.en.barks.jp/artist/?id=1000003197&m=bio |title=BABYMETAL : Biography &#124; Artist &#124; BARKS |access-date=15 November 2016 |archive-date=4 April 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160404065724/http://www.en.barks.jp/artist/?id=1000003197&m=bio |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="Anglo Bubble - Babymetal">{{Cite web |url=http://anglobubble.net/2016/06/who-and-what-is-babymetal-and-why-is-it-taking-over-the-world/ |title=Who and what is Babymetal and why is it taking over the world? &#124; Life in the Anglobubble |access-date=15 November 2016 |archive-date=9 October 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161009115829/http://anglobubble.net/2016/06/who-and-what-is-babymetal-and-why-is-it-taking-over-the-world/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> however usually uses elements of [[power metal]] mixed with [[industrial metal]] keyboards and synthesizers, [[japanese idol]] aesthetic and vocals,<ref name="That's Rocking Awesome - Kawaii Metal" /> shredding guitar solos and flashing drums<ref name="SDP - Kawaii Metal">{{Cite web|url=https://www.sdpnoticias.com/geek/volvio-kawaii-lindo-metal-metal.html|title=Kawaii Metal: De como el metal se volvió lindo|website=Sdpnoticias.com|date=August 2015 |access-date=16 October 2020}}</ref> with occasional usage of [[melodic death metal]] and [[post-hardcore]] [[screaming (music)|unclean vocals]] and [[traditional Japanese musical instruments]].<ref name="That's Rocking Awesome - Kawaii Metal">{{Cite web|url=https://thatsrockingawsome.wordpress.com/2016/07/29/genre-course-kawaii-metal/|title=Genre Course: Kawaii Metal|website=Thatsrockingawsome.wordpress.com|date=29 July 2016|access-date=16 October 2020}}</ref> Kawaii metal grew out of the [[japanese idol]] in the late 2000s and early 2010s, being pioneered by bands like [[Dazzle Vision]], [[Babymetal]] and [[Ladybaby]].<ref name="That's Rocking Awesome - Kawaii Metal" />

==Latin metal==
{{Main|Latin metal}}
Latin metal is a genre of [[Heavy metal music|metal]] music with [[Latin music (genre)|Latin]] origins, influences, and instrumentation, such as Spanish vocals, [[Latin percussion]] and rhythm such as [[Salsa music#Rhythm|Salsa rhythm]]. Prominent bands in this genre include [[A.N.I.M.A.L.]], [[Ill Niño]], [[Nonpoint]], and [[Soulfly]].<!--Please do not add any more bands to the above entry. The examples provided are enough. New additions will be deleted.-->

==Metalcore==
{{Main|Metalcore}}
[[File:Kse-adam-joel.jpg|thumb|200x200px|Metalcore band [[Killswitch Engage]]]]
Metalcore combines [[Heavy metal music|heavy metal]] and [[hardcore punk]]. Generally, metalcore guitarists use heavy guitar [[riff]]s and solos, drummers frequently use hardcore [[blast beat]]s and double bass drums, and vocalists use a vocal style which includes [[death growl]]s and [[screaming (music)|screaming]]. As with [[melodic metalcore]], some later bands originating in the 21st century combine both harsh and clean vocals. A distinguishing characteristic is the "[[Breakdown (music)#Heavy metal and punk rock|breakdown]]", whereby the song is slowed to half-time, and the guitarists play open strings to achieve the lowest-pitched sound. Prominent metalcore bands include [[Hatebreed]], [[Bury Your Dead]], [[Killswitch Engage]], [[Architects (British band)|Architects]], [[While She Sleeps]], [[Bleeding Through]], [[Integrity (band)|Integrity]], [[Unearth]], and [[Parkway Drive]]. Original metalcore bands from the 1990s included [[Earth Crisis]], [[Hatebreed]], [[Integrity (band)|Integrity]] and [[Converge (band)|Converge]]. More modern bands include [[Killswitch Engage]], [[Underoath]], [[All That Remains (band)|All That Remains]], [[Trivium (band)|Trivium]], [[As I Lay Dying (band)|As I Lay Dying]], [[Bullet for My Valentine]], [[Asking Alexandria]], [[Shadows Fall]], [[Unearth]], [[Atreyu (band)|Atreyu]], and [[Bleeding Through]].<!--Please do not add any more bands to the above entry. The examples provided are enough. New additions will be deleted.-->

===Subgenres of metalcore===
====Melodic metalcore====
{{Main|Melodic metalcore}}
[[File:As I Lay Dying at the With Full Force music festival -- 29 June 2007.jpg|left|thumb|Melodic metalcore band [[As I Lay Dying (band)|As I Lay Dying]]]]
Melodic metalcore is a [[fusion genre]] which combines sounds and traits from [[melodic death metal]] with [[hardcore punk]], [[metalcore]] and occasionally [[emo]].<ref name="Stylus Magazine">{{cite web |url=http://www.stylusmagazine.com/feature.php?ID=2073 |title=Into the void: Stylus Magazine's Beginner's Guide to Metal – Article – Stylus Magazine |last1=Lee |first1=Cosmo |last2=Voegtlin |first2=Stewart |work=Stylus Magazine |access-date=17 May 2010 |archive-date=2 October 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091002014122/http://www.stylusmagazine.com/feature.php?ID=2073 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Melodic metalcore bands include [[Trivium (band)|Trivium]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://hardrockhaven.net/online/2011/09/trivium-in-waves/|title=Trivium – In Waves CD Review|work=Hard Rock Haven|date=1 September 2011|access-date=10 February 2013|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130221182736/http://hardrockhaven.net/online/2011/09/trivium-in-waves/|archive-date=21 February 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.metalsucks.net/2011/05/23/in-waves-let-the-arguing-about-the-new-trivium-song-begin/|title="IN WAVES": LET THE ARGUING ABOUT THE NEW TRIVIUM SONG BEGIN!|work=[[MetalSucks]]|date=23 May 2011}}</ref> [[All That Remains (band)|All That Remains]],<ref>{{cite web |author=Rivadavia, Eduardo |url={{AllMusic|class=album|id=overcome-mw0000794578|pure_url=yes}} |title=''Overcome'' review |publisher=[[AllMusic]] |access-date=17 February 2012 |quote=Overcome offers very dependable melodic metalcore in the spirit of All That Remains' albums past, without succumbing to outright stagnation.}}</ref> [[Atreyu (band)|Atreyu]],<ref name="Stylus Magazine" /><ref name="amg">{{cite web |author=D. Taylor, Jason |url={{AllMusic|class=album|id=suicide-notes-and-butterfly-kisses-mw0000223292|pure_url=yes}} |title=''Suicide Notes and Butterfly Kisses'' review |publisher=[[AllMusic]] |access-date=24 June 2008 |quote=Atreyu's debut album, Suicide Notes and Butterfly Kisses, is an invigorating foray into melodic metalcore in the vein of Darkest Hour, Poison the Well, and Eighteen Visions.}}</ref><ref name="ToC">"Taste of Chaos", ''Revolver'', June 2008, p. 110. "This is the Rockstar Taste of Chaos Tour, a night when heavier melodic-metalcore bands like Atreyu and Avenged Sevenfold intend to position themselves as the next generation of bands to actually pack arenas (...)".</ref> [[Bullet for My Valentine]],<ref>{{cite web |author=Apar, Corey |url={{AllMusic|class=artist|id=bullet-for-my-valentine-mn0000865403|pure_url=yes}} |title=Bullet for My Valentine |publisher=[[AllMusic]] |access-date=8 November 2011}}</ref> [[Bury Tomorrow]],<ref>{{cite web | url= http://www.altpress.com/reviews/entry/portraits | title= Alternative Press &#124; Reviews &#124; Bury Tomorrow – Portraits | author= Phil Freeman | work= Alternative Press | date= 16 March 2010 | access-date= 9 July 2012 | quote= If you're wondering whether they bring anything unique or unexpected to the table, the answer is no. Is Portraits a pleasurable enough melodic metalcore album while it's playing? Absolutely. | archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120110101851/http://www.altpress.com/reviews/entry/portraits | archive-date= 10 January 2012 | url-status= dead | df= dmy-all }}</ref> [[Darkest Hour (band)|Darkest Hour]],<ref name="amg" /> [[Asking Alexandria]],<ref>{{cite web|author=Jim |url=http://www.spinner.com/2010/03/11/asking-alexandria-interview-sxsw-2010/ |title=Asking Alexandria Interview: SXSW 2010 |publisher=Spinner |date=2 May 2010 |access-date=23 June 2013}}</ref> [[As I Lay Dying (band)|As I Lay Dying]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.rocknreelreviews.com/review/as-i-lay-dying-awakened/ |title=As I Lay Dying – Awakened |publisher=Rock n Reel Reviews |access-date=8 May 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140430091447/http://www.rocknreelreviews.com/review/as-i-lay-dying-awakened/ |archive-date=30 April 2014 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://headbangorgtfo.com/album-review-as-i-lay-dying-awakened/ |title=Album Review! As I Lay Dying – Awakened |publisher=Headbang or GTFO}}</ref> [[August Burns Red]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.waytooloud.com/2009/07/15/august-burns-red-constellations-3/ |title=August Burns Red – Constellations |work=Way Too Loud! |date=15 July 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151019002936/http://www.waytooloud.com/2009/07/15/august-burns-red-constellations-3/ |archive-date=19 October 2015 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.sputnikmusic.com/bands/Eternal-Closure/37106/ |title=Eternal Closure |work=Sputnikmusic |access-date=2 January 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://exclaim.ca/Reviews/Metal/august_burns_red-august_burns_red_presents_sleddin_hill_holiday_album |title=August Burns Red Burns Red Presents Sleddin' Holiday Album |publisher=Bradley Zorgdrager |date=9 October 2012}}</ref> and [[The Devil Wears Prada (band)|The Devil Wears Prada]].<ref>{{cite news |url=http://audioinkradio.com/2011/09/the-devil-wears-prada-dead-throne-is-an-ambush-of-sound-album-review/ |title=The Devil Wears Prada 'Dead Throne' is an Ambush of Sound – Album Review |newspaper=Audio Ink Radio |date=September 2011}}</ref>
<!--Please do not add any more bands to the above entry. The examples provided are enough. New additions will be deleted.-->
	
Melodic metalcore bands have big influences, guitar [[riff]]s, and writing styles from Swedish [[melodic death metal]] bands, such as [[At the Gates]], [[Arch Enemy]], [[In Flames]] and [[Soilwork]].<ref name="amg" /><ref name="mi">[http://metalinjection.net/reviews/cd-reviews-arch-enemy-black-earth-reissue ''Metal Injection'', August 28, 2007]. Access date: 24 June 2008.</ref> They tend to have strong use of instrumental [[melody]]. Many melodic metalcore vocalists use clean singing techniques, as well as [[death growl|growl]]s and [[screaming (music)|screaming]]. It also can feature harmonic guitar [[riff]]s, [[tremolo picking]], [[double bass drum]]s and [[metalcore]]-stylized [[Breakdown (music)#Heavy metal and punk rock|breakdowns]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.waytooloud.com/2009/04/30/ignominious-incarceration-of-winter-born/ |title=Ignominious Incarceration – Of Winter Born |work=Way Too Loud! |date=30 April 2009 |access-date=10 February 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151019002935/http://www.waytooloud.com/2009/04/30/ignominious-incarceration-of-winter-born/ |archive-date=19 October 2015 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://media.www.elpaisanonewspaper.com/media/storage/paper1088/news/2007/09/12/Entertainment/Its-Through.The.Approach-2961653.shtml |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090114065351/http://media.www.elpaisanonewspaper.com/media/storage/paper1088/news/2007/09/12/Entertainment/Its-Through.The.Approach-2961653.shtml |url-status=dead |archive-date=14 January 2009 |title=It's Through the Approach |work=El Paisano |date=12 September 2007 |access-date=24 June 2008 }}</ref><ref name="sn">{{cite web |url=http://www.mp3.com/albums/535958/reviews.html |title=''Suicide Notes and Butterfly Kisses'' review |work=mp3.com |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090212173656/http://www.mp3.com/albums/535958/reviews.html |archive-date=12 February 2009 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Some bands also may feature [[guitar solo]]s.<ref name="ToC" /> A few of these groups, like [[Shadows Fall]], have some appreciation for 1980s [[glam metal]].<ref>Dan Epstein, "The Brewtal Truth", ''Revolver'', November 2004, p. 65.</ref> Melodic metalcore groups have been described as "embrac[ing] '80s [[heavy metal music|metal]] clichés", such as "inordinate amounts of smoke machines, rippin' [[guitar solo|solo]]s, [and] three bass drums."<ref name="ToC" />

====Deathcore====
{{Main|Deathcore}}	
Deathcore combines elements of [[death metal]] with elements of metalcore or [[hardcore punk]], or both.<ref name="whatis">[{{AllMusic|class=album|id=r704417|pure_url=yes}} AllMusic] Alex Henderson: "What is deathcore? ...it's essentially metalcore... Drawing on both death metal and hardcore..."</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Rivadavia|first=Eduardo|title=Heaven Shall Burn|url=https://www.allmusic.com/artist/p519192|publisher=[[AllMusic]]|access-date=25 March 2011}}; {{cite web|last=Henderson|first=Alex|title=Burning Skies|url=https://www.allmusic.com/artist/burning-skies-p671407/biography|publisher=[[AllMusic]]|access-date=25 March 2011}}; {{cite web|last=Gorania|first=Jay H.|title=Despised Icon – 'Day of Mourning'|url=http://heavymetal.about.com/od/d/gr/despisedicon-dayofmourning.htm|publisher=[[About.com]]|access-date=25 March 2011}}; {{cite web|last=Henderson|first=Alex|title=Desolation of Eden|url=https://www.allmusic.com/album/r1714463|publisher=[[AllMusic]]|access-date=25 March 2011}}</ref> It is defined by an "excessive" use of death metal [[riff]]s, [[blast beat]]s and use of hardcore punk [[Breakdown (music)#Heavy metal and punk rock|breakdowns]].<ref name="Cosmo Lee">{{cite web|last=Lee|first=Cosmo|title=Doom|url=https://www.allmusic.com/album/r854978|publisher=[[AllMusic]]|access-date=25 March 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Marsicano|first=Dan|title=Rose Funeral – 'The Resting Sonata'|url=http://heavymetal.about.com/od/cdreviews/gr/rosefuneralrest.htm|publisher=[[About.com]]|access-date=25 March 2011}}</ref> Some prominent bands include [[the Acacia Strain]], [[Carnifex (band)|Carnifex]], [[Despised Icon]], [[Suicide Silence]], [[Rings of Saturn (band)|Rings of Saturn]], [[Thy Art is Murder]], [[Lorna Shore]] and [[Whitechapel (band)|Whitechapel]].

====Mathcore====
{{Main|Mathcore}}	
Mathcore is a rhythmically complex and dissonant style of heavy metal and hardcore punk, though many groups draw mainly from metalcore. It has its roots in bands such as [[Converge (band)|Converge]],<ref name="Bio">{{cite web|url=http://www.rockdetector.com/artist/usa/boston/converge |title=Converge biography |publisher=Rockdetector.com |access-date=23 August 2007 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304102244/http://www.rockdetector.com/artist/usa/boston/converge |archive-date=4 March 2016 }}</ref> [[Botch (band)|Botch]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://heavymetal.about.com/od/cdreviews/fr/botchwearethe.htm|title=Botch – We Are The Romans|author=Chad Bowar|work=About.com Entertainment}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.sfbg.com/entry.php?catid=85&entry_id=3030|title=San Francisco Bay Guardian|website=Sfbg.com|access-date=16 October 2020}}</ref> and [[The Dillinger Escape Plan]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tv3.co.nz/News/MathcorebandtheDillingerEscapePlanvisitNZ/tabid/209/articleID/56482/cat/41/Default.aspx |title=3NOW On Demand – Shows – TV Guide – Competitions – TV3 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081017210903/http://www.tv3.co.nz/News/MathcorebandtheDillingerEscapePlanvisitNZ/tabid/209/articleID/56482/cat/41/Default.aspx |archive-date=17 October 2008 }}</ref> The term ''mathcore'' is suggested by [[analogy]] with [[math rock]]. Both math rock and mathcore make use of [[unusual time signatures]]. Prominent mathcore groups have been associated with [[grindcore]].<ref>"Contemporary grindcore bands such as The Dillinger Escape Plan [...] have developed [[avant-garde metal|avant-garde]] versions of the genre incorporating frequent time signature changes and complex sounds that at times recall free jazz." Keith Kahn-Harris (2007), ''Extreme Metal'', Berg Publishers, {{ISBN|1-84520-399-2}}, p. 4.</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://epitaph.com/artists/dillinger-escape-plan/release/irony-is-a-dead-scene-ep|title=Dillinger Escape Plan - Irony Is A Dead Scene|website=Epitaph.com|access-date=16 October 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.allmovie.com/|title=AllMovie &#124; Movies and Films Database &#124; Movie Search, Ratings, Photos, Recommendations, and Reviews|website=AllMovie|access-date=16 October 2020}}</ref>
<!--Please do not add any more bands to the above entry. The examples provided are enough. New additions will be deleted.-->

====Electronicore====
{{main|Electronicore}}
Electronicore (also known as synthcore or trancecore) is fusion genre of [[metalcore]] with elements of various [[electronic music]] genres,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thetoptens.com/electronicore-bands/|title=Top Electronicore Bands – Top Ten List – TheTopTens®|website=thetoptens.com}}</ref> such as [[Trance music|trance]], [[electronica]], and [[dubstep]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Ghost Town – ''The After Party''|url=https://www.allmusic.com/album/the-after-party-mw0002664252|last=Heaney|first=George|publisher=[[AllMusic]]|access-date=22 October 2015|quote=most electronicore is essentially metalcore with some synths tacked on for good measure}}</ref> The term electronicore is a [[portmanteau]] of ''electronic'' and ''metalcore''. Notable artists of this genre have originated from the United Kingdom ([[Asking Alexandria]]),<ref name=StandS>{{cite web |last=Freeman |first=Phil |title= ''Stand Up and Scream'' |url=http://www.allmusic.com/album/stand-up-and-scream-r1634086/review |work=[[Allmusic]] |publisher=[[Rovi Corporation]] |access-date=25 April 2011}}</ref> the United States ([[I See Stars]], [[Sky Eats Airplane]]),<ref name=ISSaa>{{cite web |last=Birchmeier |first=Jason |title= I See Stars – Biography |url=http://www.allmusic.com/artist/i-see-stars-p1122695 |work=[[AllMusic]] |publisher=[[Rovi Corporation]] |access-date=25 April 2011}}</ref><ref name=SkyAA>{{cite web |last=Birchmeier |first=Jason |title= Sky Eats Airplane – Biography |url=http://www.allmusic.com/artist/sky-eats-airplane-p1001468/biography |work=[[AllMusic]] |publisher=[[Rovi Corporation]] |access-date=25 April 2011}}</ref> Australia, Canada ([[Abandon All Ships]]),<ref name=AASaa>{{cite web |last=Heaney |first=Gregory |title= Abandon All Ships – Biography |url=http://www.allmusic.com/artist/abandon-all-ships-p2229989 |work=[[AllMusic]] |publisher=[[Rovi Corporation]] |access-date=25 April 2011}}</ref> France,<ref name=ASvol4>Candi H, ''Altsounds'' [http://hangout.altsounds.com/reviews/141061-punk-pop-vol-4-album.html Punk Goes Pop – Vol. Album Review] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121012233626/http://hangout.altsounds.com/reviews/141061-punk-pop-vol-4-album.html |date=12 October 2012 }}</ref> Ukraine ([[Make Me Famous (band)|Make Me Famous]]),<ref>{{cite web|title=Make Me Famous – discography, line-up, biography, interviews, etc.|url=https://www.spirit-of-metal.com/en/band/Make_Me_Famous|work=Spirit Of Metal|access-date= 26 March 2012}}</ref>  Hong Kong ([[BLAK (band)|BLAK]], [[Soul Of Ears]]),<ref>{{cite web|title=BLΛK – Bitetone|url=http://bitetone.com/2011/06/20/bl%CE%BBk/|work=Bitetone Magazine|publisher=Bitetone|access-date=22 December 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Electronic metalcore band Soul of Ears release new single and music video [Hong Kong]|url=https://uniteasia.org/electronic-metalcore-band-soul-ears-release-new-single-music-video-hong-kong/|work=Unite Asia|date=15 April 2018|access-date=15 April 2018}}</ref> Japan ([[Crossfaith]]),<ref>{{cite web|title=Crossfaith – Apocalyze Album Review|url=http://newnoisemagazine.com/album-review-crossfaith-apocalyze/|work=New Noise Magazine|access-date=26 November 2014}}</ref> South Korea ([[In Your Face (band)|In Your Face]]),<ref>{{cite web|title=In Your Face – electronic metalcore from Korea – release lyric video|url=https://uniteasia.org/in-your-face-electronic-metalcore-from-korea-release-lyric-video/|work=Unite Asia|date=3 December 2015|access-date=3 December 2015}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.melon.com/song/detail.htm?songId=31149418|title=[Song Information] BAAM by MOMOLAND|website=www.melon.com|language=ko|access-date=16 November 2018}}</ref> and Malaysia ([[Sekumpulan Orang Gila]]).<ref>{{cite web|title=Electronic metalcore band Sekumpulan Orang Gila release new song [Malaysia]|url=https://uniteasia.org/electronic-metalcore-band-sekumpulan-orang-gila-release-new-song-malaysia/|work=Unite Asia|date=3 April 2018|access-date=3 April 2018}}</ref>

====Nu metalcore====
{{main|nu metalcore}}
Nu metalcore (sometimes referred to as nu metal revival or new nu metal)<ref name="NoahRobertson">{{cite web|last1=Robertson|first1=Noah|title=The Nu Metal Revival Is Officially Upon Us|url=http://numetal.net/2017/04/the-nu-metal-revival-is-officially-upon-us/|access-date=12 February 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180212201513/http://numetal.net/2017/04/the-nu-metal-revival-is-officially-upon-us/|archive-date=12 February 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Dangerkids – Blacklist_ (Album Review)|url=http://www.soundinthesignals.com/2017/01/dangerkids-blacklist-album-review.html|website=Sound in the Signals|access-date=12 February 2018}}</ref> is the fusion genre of {{nowrap|[[nu metal]]}} and [[metalcore]] that began in the 2000s, and gained popularity in the 2010s.<ref name="Thrash Hits - Nu metalcore"/> Some of the notable groups have also taken influence from [[Contemporary R&B|R&B]],<ref name="Thrash Hits - Nu metalcore">{{cite web|title=Thrash Hits – Nu metalcore|url=http://www.thrashhits.com/2013/09/nu-metalcore-is-definitely-happening-why/|access-date=14 March 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170315001209/http://www.thrashhits.com/2013/09/nu-metalcore-is-definitely-happening-why/|archive-date=15 March 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[industrial metal]],<ref name="NoahRobertson"/> [[post-hardcore]],<ref name="Alternative Nation - Nu Metal Revival">{{Cite web|url=http://www.alternativenation.net/nu-metal-resurrection/|title=You are being redirected...|website=Alternativenation.net|date=27 September 2016|access-date=16 October 2020}}</ref> and [[deathcore]].<ref name=":8" />

====Progressive metalcore====
{{main|progressive metalcore}}
Progressive metalcore (also called technical metalcore or ambient metalcore) is a fusion of [[progressive metal]] and [[metalcore]], characterized by highly technical [[lead guitar]], "[[Ambient music|atmospheric]]" elements, and complex instrumentation.

==Neoclassical metal==
{{Main|Neoclassical metal}}
[[File:Yngwie Malmsteen 1.jpg|left|thumb|266x266px|Neoclassical metal musician [[Yngwie Malmsteen]]]]
Neoclassical metal, also known as shred metal, is a subgenre that is heavily influenced by [[classical music]] in its style of composition. It uses a very technical style of guitar soloing called [[shred guitar]], in which guitarists use [[crosspicking]], [[sweep picking]], and [[economy picking]] to play rapid scales and [[Arpeggio|arpeggios]]. As well, it uses elements borrowed from classical music; including instruments, scales and melodies. [[Yngwie Malmsteen|Yngwie J. Malmsteen]], [[Tony MacAlpine]], and [[Vinnie Moore]] are prominent performers in this genre.
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==Neue Deutsche Härte==
{{Main|Neue Deutsche Härte}}
[[File:Oomph! – Wacken Open Air 2015 03.jpg|thumb|Neue Deutsche Härte band [[Oomph!]]]]
{{Lang|de|Neue Deutsche Härte}} ("New German Hardness") describes a [[crossover (music)|crossover]] style that is influenced by [[New German Wave]], [[alternative metal]], and [[groove metal]], combining it with elements from [[industrial music|industrial]], [[electronica]], and [[techno]].<ref name="weltdergothics">{{cite book |last1= Schmidt |first1= Axel |last2= Neumann-Braun |first2= Klaus |title= Die Welt der Gothics: Spielräume düster konnotierter Transzendenz |trans-title= The World of the Gothics: Leeways of Darkly Connoted Transcendency |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=0ykjKReN-ygC |access-date= 29 December 2009 |edition= 2nd |year= 2008 |orig-year= First published 2004 |publisher= VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften / GWV Fachverlage GmbH |location= Wiesbaden |language= de |isbn= 978-3-531-15880-8 |pages= 269–270 }}</ref> The lyrics are generally in German, and ''dance metal'' is the term most commonly used to describe {{Lang|de|Neue Deutsche Härte}} songs sung in other languages. NDH uses the basic setup of instruments for metal: electric guitar, bass guitar, drums, and vocals, along with keyboard, synthesizers, [[sampling (music)|samples]], and occasionally, additional percussion. Emphasis is on a demonstration of predominance, by over-pronouncing certain [[syllable]]s and letters (such as the [[Voiced uvular trill|uvular]] or [[Voiced dental, alveolar and postalveolar trills|alveolar trill]]). The vocals are thus dominantly presented in deep, male, and clean voice.<ref name="weltdergothics" /> Some bands use screaming and [[Death growl|death growls]], which is also common, being heard in certain songs by [[Oomph!]], [[Rammstein]], [[Stahlhammer]], [[Samsas Traum]] and [[Megaherz]]. NDH imagery is often strongly masculine, and at times militaristic, depending on the group and the song. Guitars are tuned low, usually to drop D or C, and are generally heavily distorted.

==Post-metal==
{{Main|Post-metal}}
[[File:Aaron Harris, B&W, Drums — Isis @ Wagenhallen, Stuttgart, 2009-07-09.jpg|left|thumb|240x240px|Aaron Harris of post-metal band [[Isis (band)|Isis]]]]
This heavy metal movement takes influences from [[post-rock]]. While it is, in many aspects, similar to post-rock, post-metal tends to include lower-tuned guitars, distorted guitar(s), heavy atmospherics, gradual evolution of song structure, and a minimal emphasis on vocals. Post-metal stresses emotion, contrasting the ambiance of post-rock with the weight and bombast of metal. Vocals are deemphasized or non-existent, and lyrics tend to be equally abstract — often thematic or philosophical in nature. It is a largely American phenomenon, but also includes some Japanese bands. Bands like [[Neurosis (band)|Neurosis]], [[Isis (band)|Isis]], [[Cult of Luna]] and [[Pelican (band)|Pelican]] write lengthy songs (typically five or six per album), that can range from light and guitar-driven to heavy and [[drum and bass]]-driven.
<!--Please do not add any more bands to the above entry. The examples provided are enough. New additions will be deleted.-->

==Power metal==
{{Main|Power metal}}
[[File:Blind Guardian no Brasil-1.jpg|thumb|[[Hansi Kürsch]] of power metal band [[Blind Guardian]]]]
Power metal takes influence from heavy metal and speed metal, and often emphasizes clean, melodic, high-pitched vocals, and fast pacing that is mostly driven by double bass drumming and melodic lead guitar. The [[rhythm guitar]] is defined by straight [[power chord]] progressions. Occasionally, harsh vocals are used, but usually only as backing vocals. Power metal lyrics usually involve fantasy themes. The songs often have a theatrical, epic, and emotionally "powerful" sound.<ref>[http://www.progrockandmetal.net/progressive_music_definition.htm Neo-classical & Power Metal] (progrockandmetal.net)</ref> Power metal is generally more upbeat than other metal genres, seeking to empower the listener and inspire joy and courage.

The term was first used in the middle of the 1980s,<ref>[http://www.guitarmasterclass.net/wiki/index.php/Power_Metal Power Metal] (guitarmasterclass.net)</ref> and refers to two different but related styles: the first, pioneered and largely practiced in North America with a harder sound similar to speed metal, and a later, more widespread and popular style based in Europe (especially Germany, Finland, Italy and Scandinavia), Latin America (Argentina, Brazil) and Japan, with a lighter, more melodic sound and frequent use of keyboards. Examples of power metal bands include [[DragonForce]], [[Blind Guardian]], [[Helloween]], [[Sonata Arctica]], [[Angra (band)|Angra]], [[Sabaton (band)|Sabaton]], [[Stratovarius]], [[Kamelot]], [[Rhapsody of Fire]], [[Powerwolf]] and [[HammerFall]].
<!--Please do not add any more bands to the above entry. The examples provided are enough. New additions will be deleted.-->

==Progressive metal==
{{Main|Progressive metal}}
[[File:Queensryche London Bridge Studios.jpg|thumb|Progressive metal band [[Queensrÿche]]]]
Progressive metal is a fusion between [[progressive rock]] and heavy metal. It is one of heavy metal's more complex genres, due to its use of unusual and dynamic [[time signature]]s, long compositions, complex compositional structures, and skilled instrumental playing, where instrumental solos are detailed and extended. However, the latest age of progressive metal has favored rougher lyrics and lower-pitched riff sequences with high amounts of strumming. Vocals, if present, are melodic (though there are a few that use unclean vocals), and lyrics are often philosophical, [[Spirituality|spiritual]], or political. Many bands of the genre were influenced by the progressive rock bands [[Rush (band)|Rush]] and [[King Crimson]], who would often incorporate elements of heavy metal into their music. Examples of the genre include [[Queensrÿche]], [[Savatage]], [[Dream Theater]], [[Opeth]], [[Tool (band)|Tool]], [[Fates Warning]], [[Mastodon (band)|Mastodon]], [[Gojira (band)|Gojira]] and [[Pain of Salvation]].
<!--Please do not add any more bands to the above entry. The examples provided are enough. New additions will be deleted.-->

===Derivatives of progressive metal===

====Djent====
{{Main|Djent}}
Djent, also known as djent metal,<ref>{{cite web|last=Stickler|first=John|title=You Me At Six, All Time Low, Sum 41, House Of Pain & More Added To Sonisphere Knebworth Line-Up|url=http://www.stereoboard.com/content/view/163825/9|publisher=Stereoboard.com|access-date=17 October 2011|date=28 February 2011}}</ref> is a musical subgenre that emerged as a spin-off from [[progressive metal]].<ref name=secrets>{{cite web|last=Bowcott|first=Nick|title=Meshuggah Share the Secrets of Their Sound|url=https://www.guitarworld.com/meshuggah-share-secrets-their-sound|work=[[Guitar World]]|access-date=17 October 2011|date=26 June 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160517094739/http://www.guitarworld.com/meshuggah-share-secrets-their-sound|archive-date=17 May 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Angle|first=Brad|title=Interview: Meshuggah Guitarist Fredrik Thordendal Answers Reader Questions|url=https://www.guitarworld.com/interview-meshuggah-guitarist-fredrik-thordendal-answers-reader-questions|work=[[Guitar World]]|access-date=17 October 2011|date=23 July 2011}}</ref> The word "djent" is an [[onomatopoeia]] for a heavily [[palm mute|palm-muted]], distorted guitar chord. Typically, the word is used to refer to music that makes use of this sound, to the sound itself, or to the scene that revolves around it.<ref name=Guardian>[https://www.theguardian.com/music/2011/mar/03/djent-metal-geeks "Djent, the metal geek's microgenre"] ''The Guardian'' 3 March 2011. Retrieved 26 June 2011</ref> Djent as a style has been described as featuring heavily palm-muted, distorted guitar chords alongside [[virtuoso]] soloing,<ref name=secrets /> and is characterized by rhythmic complexity and palm-muted [[riff]]ing.<ref name=Concealingfate>{{cite web|last=Rivadavia|first=Eduardo|title=Concealing Fate|url=https://www.allmusic.com/album/concealing-fate-r2166510|publisher=[[AllMusic]]|access-date=17 October 2011}}</ref> Pioneering bands in the style are [[Born of Osiris]], [[Meshuggah]], [[Periphery (band)|Periphery]], [[Animals As Leaders]], [[Tesseract (band)|Tesseract]], and [[Textures (band)|Textures]].
<!--Please do not add any more bands to the above entry. The examples provided are enough. New additions will be deleted.-->

====Progressive metalcore====
{{Main|Progressive metalcore}}

Progressive metalcore (also called technical metalcore or ambient metalcore<!-- alternate names "technical" and "ambient" supported by sources in the body text; do not add or remove.-->) is a fusion of [[progressive metal]] and [[metalcore]] characterized by highly technical lead guitar, "atmospheric" elements, and complex instrumentation.<ref name=":11">{{Cite web|url=http://www.metalstorm.net/pub/article.php?article_id=1259&page=&message_id=|title=The History Of Progressive Metal – Metal Storm|website=metalstorm.net|date=21 May 2013|access-date=24 May 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|title=Encyclopaedia of Australian Heavy Metal|last=Giffin|first=Brian|publisher=DarkStar|year=2015|isbn=9780994320612|location=Australia}}</ref><ref name=":0" /><ref name=":8">{{Cite news|url=http://newnoisemagazine.com/album-review-invent-animate-everchanger/|title=Album Review: Invent, Animate – "Everchanger" – New Noise Magazine|date=28 August 2014|work=New Noise Magazine|access-date=26 May 2017|language=en-US}}</ref> Some notable practitioners take influence from [[djent]].<ref name=":10">{{Cite news |date=3 October 2016 |title=Quick Review: AURAS Heliospectrum - Metal Injection |language=en-US |work=Metal Injection |url=http://www.metalinjection.net/reviews/auras-heliospectrum |access-date=26 May 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thecirclepit.com/2013/03/exploring-the-world-australias-rising-metal-scene|title=EXPLORING THE WORLD – AUSTRALIA'S RISING METAL SCENE {{!}} The Circle Pit|website=thecirclepit.com|language=en-US|access-date=31 May 2017|quote="... the djent-influenced progressive metalcore band Northlane ..."}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://new-transcendence.com/review-solace-call-response-2012/|title=REVIEW: Solace – Call and Response [2012] {{!}} New-Transcendence|website=new-transcendence.com|date=30 August 2012|language=en-US|access-date=31 May 2017|quote="... a riveting adventure in groovy, progressive metalcore which is equal parts spacey and brutal and is dynamic enough to immerse the listener in galactic calm whilst drowning them slowly in crushing heaviness. Instrumentally, Solace function as a well-oiled machine crafting an almost-djent influenced melodic and fluid sound."}}</ref> Examples of progressive metalcore bands include [[After the Burial]], [[Erra (band)|Erra]], [[Northlane]], [[Invent Animate]], and [[Volumes (band)|Volumes]]

==Speed metal==
{{Main|Speed metal}}
[[File:Motorhead-03.jpg|left|thumb|Speed metal band [[Motörhead]]]]
Speed metal originated in the late 1970s and early 1980s out of the [[new wave of British heavy metal]], and was the direct musical progenitor of [[thrash metal]].<ref>{{cite web |title = Speed/Thrash Metal|publisher = [[AllMusic]]|url = https://www.allmusic.com/style/speed-thrash-metal-ma0000002874|access-date = 5 November 2015}}</ref> When speed metal first emerged as a genre, it increased the tempos that had been used by early heavy metal bands, while retaining their melodic approaches. Influenced by [[hardcore punk]], speed metal is very fast, abrasive, and technically demanding.<ref name=":1" /> Examples of speed metal include [[Dorsal Atlantica]], [[Venom (band)|Venom]], [[Motörhead]] and [[Anvil (band)|Anvil]].
<!--Please do not add any more bands to the above entry. The examples provided are enough. New additions will be deleted--!>

==Symphonic metal==
{{Main|Symphonic metal}}
[[File:Tarja Turunen at Obras Stadium 2008 11.jpg|thumb|200x200px|[[Tarja Turunen]], former singer of the symphonic metal act [[Nightwish]]]]
Symphonic metal most commonly refers to metal bands that use [[orchestral]] elements in their music, either through having an actual orchestra, a few classical instruments, or keyboards that simulate the sounds of classical instruments. Prominent examples of symphonic metal include the bands [[Nightwish]], [[Within Temptation]], [[Epica (band)|Epica]], [[Rhapsody of Fire]], and [[Therion (band)|Therion]].Please do not add any more bands to the above entry. The examples provided are enough. New additions will be deleted.-->

==Symphonic metal==
{{Main|Symphonic metal}}
[[File:Tarja Turunen at Obras Stadium 2008 02.jpg|left|thumb|Symphonic metal band [[Nightwish]]]]
Symphonic metal is a cross-generic style designation for the symphonic subsets of heavy metal music subgenres. It is used to denote any metal band that makes use of symphonic or orchestral elements. Symphonic metal bands can feature classically trained vocalists, in which case they can be attributed nicknames such as opera metal or operatic metal. Perhaps the most pioneering and prominent examples of symphonic metal bands are Swedish band [[Therion (band)|Therion]], Finnish band [[Nightwish]], Italian band [[Rhapsody of Fire]] and Dutch bands [[Epica (band)|Epica]], [[Within Temptation]] and [[The Gathering (band)|The Gathering]].

==Thrash metal==
{{Main|Thrash metal}}
[[File:SlayerliveB&W.jpg|thumb|Thrash metal band [[Slayer]]|left]]
Thrash metal is often regarded as the first form of [[extreme metal]]. It is generally characterized by its fast tempos, complexity and aggression. Thrash metal guitar playing is most notable for the "chugging" sound it creates through low-pitched [[palm mute]]d riffs, and high-pitched [[shred guitar#Playing techniques|shred guitar]] solos. Drummers often use double-kick and double-bass drumming. Vocals are most often shouted or sung in an aggressive manner.

Thrash metal evolved from [[speed metal]], [[new wave of British heavy metal|NWOBHM]] and early [[hardcore punk]] at the beginning of the 1980s. Bands such as [[Metallica]], [[Slayer]], [[Megadeth]] and [[Anthrax (American band)|Anthrax]] spearheaded thrash metal, and are referred to as the genre's "Big Four", while on the European side, [[Sodom (band)|Sodom]], [[Kreator]], [[Destruction (band)|Destruction]], and [[Tankard (band)|Tankard]] form the so-called "Big Teutonic Four".
<!--Please do not add any more bands to the above entry. The examples provided are enough. New additions will be deleted.-->

===Derivatives of thrash metal===
====Crossover thrash====
{{Main|Crossover thrash}}
Crossover thrash, often abbreviated to "crossover,"<ref name="Superjoint Ritual">{{cite web|url=http://www.blistering.com/fastpage/fpengine.php/link/1/templateid/7659/tempidx/5/menuid/3|title=Superjoint Ritual Feature Interview|last=Claes|first=Sean|work=[[Blistering (magazine)|Blistering]]|access-date=8 September 2009|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040820155635/http://www.blistering.com/fastpage/fpengine.php/link/1/templateid/7659/tempidx/5/menuid/3|archive-date=20 August 2004}}</ref> and sometimes called also "punk metal," is a form of [[thrash metal]] that contains more [[hardcore punk]] elements than standard thrash. The genre lies on a continuum between [[heavy metal music|heavy metal]] and [[punk rock]]. The genre is often confused with [[thrashcore]], which is essentially a faster hardcore punk rather than a more punk-oriented form of metal.<ref>"Powerviolence: The Dysfunctional Family of Bllleeeeaaauuurrrgghhh!!". ''Terrorizer'' no. 172. July 2008. p. 36-37.</ref><ref name=FH2>{{Cite web|url=http://www.havocrex.com/press/article/1/20|title=HAVOC RECORDS AND DISTRIBUTION|date=5 June 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080605102813/http://www.havocrex.com/press/article/1/20|access-date=16 October 2020|archive-date=5 June 2008}}</ref> [[Corrosion of Conformity]], [[Dirty Rotten Imbeciles]], [[Stormtroopers of Death]] and [[Suicidal Tendencies]] are major bands in the genre.
<!--Please do not add any more bands to the above entry. The examples provided are enough. New additions will be deleted.-->

====Groove metal====
{{Main|Groove metal}}
<!-- Commented out: [[File:Panterapromo.jpg|thumb|165px|Groove metal band [[Pantera]].]] -->
Groove metal, also known as neo-thrash, post-thrash, or power groove, consists of slow or mid-tempo and down tuned thrash riffs, [[blues]]y guitar solos, greatly emphasized drum work, and harsh vocals that generally consist of screaming, shouting, and raspy singing. Examples of groove metal include [[Pantera]], [[Exhorder]], [[Lamb of God (band)|Lamb of God]], [[Machine Head (band)|Machine Head]], [[DevilDriver]], [[Jinjer]], [[Sepultura]] and [[A.N.I.M.A.L.]]

==Traditional heavy metal==
{{Main|Traditional heavy metal}}

Traditional heavy metal, also known as classic metal<ref>Ian Christe, ''The Sound of the Beast: The Complete Headbanging History of Heavy Metal'', Flammarion,2007, p. 91, {{ISBN|978-2-08-068797-5}}</ref> or often simply heavy metal, is the group of bands and artists who play a metal music style similar to the style heard before the genre evolved and splintered into many different styles and subgenres.<ref>
* {{cite web |author=Bowar, Chad |title=What Is Heavy Metal? |url=http://heavymetal.about.com/od/heavymetal101/a/101_history.htm |publisher=About.com |access-date=8 April 2008 }}
* Michka Assayas, ''Dictionnaire du Rock de A à L, Robert Lafond,2002, p.776-777 {{ISBN|2-221-91260-8}}''</ref> It is characterized by mid-to-fast-tempo [[riff]]s, by thumping basslines, crunchy riffs, extended lead guitar solos, and clean, often high-pitched vocals and anthemic choruses. It is not generally categorized as a subgenre of metal, but the main genre of it. Examples include [[Black Sabbath]], [[Deep Purple]], [[Led Zeppelin]], [[Judas Priest]], [[Iron Maiden]], [[Van Halen]]<ref>{{Cite web|date=7 June 2010|title=Eddie Van Halen's First Interview: "Heavy-Metal Guitarist from California Hits the Charts at Age 21"|url=https://www.vhnd.com/2010/06/07/eddie-van-halens-first-interview-heavy-metal-guitarist-from-california-hits-the-charts-at-age-21/|access-date=25 April 2021|website=Van Halen News Desk|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Kelly|first=Kim|title=After Eddie Van Halen's Death, Heavy Metal Must Confront Its Mortality|url=https://www.gq.com/story/eddie-van-halen-heavy-metal-mortality|access-date=25 April 2021|website=GQ|date=19 October 2020|language=en-US}}</ref> and [[Dio (band)|Dio]].

===New wave of traditional heavy metal===
{{Main|New wave of traditional heavy metal}}
{{original research section|date=June 2018}}
More recently in the 2010s, the term "new wave of traditional heavy metal" (often abbreviated as NWOTHM) has been used to describe a new wave of bands with a newly found interest in the style, particularly the late 70s and early 80s [[new wave of British heavy metal]] variant that has influenced [[speed metal]] and [[power metal]]; some of these bands are indeed a mixture of these genres while combining more elements of the classical sound, or mimic the style at the time that would soon evolve into them.

Examples of NWOTHM bands include: Helvetets Port, Portrait, [[Enforcer (band)|Enforcer]], [[Cauldron (band)|Cauldron]], [[White Wizzard]], [[Fury UK]], [[Striker (band)|Striker]] (Ca), [[Battle Beast (band)|Battle Beast]], and more recently [[Seax (band)|Seax]], Visigoth, Blackslash (De), and Angel Sword.

==See also==
* [[List of rock genres]]
* [[List of heavy metal bands]]
* [[List of heavy metal festivals]]
* [[List of subcultures]]
* [[Microgenre]]s

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Western music genres}}
{{Heavymetal}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Heavy Metal Subgenres}}
[[Category:Heavy metal genres| ]]
[[Category:Lists of music genres|Heavy metal]]